Effect of ammonia on the electrolyte status of an Indian major carp Catla catla

Abstract

Ammonia is present in the aquatic environment due to agricultural runoff, sewage effluents and decomposition of biological waste. High level of ammonium in the aquatic environment or in aquaculture farms is a serious problem for aquatic organisms. In the present investigation, the sublethal effects of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) at 9.98 mg L À1 on plasma electrolytes (Na + , K + and Cl À ) level of Indian major carp Catla catla fingerlings was studied for a period of 35 days under semistatic conditions. Exposure of fish to sublethal concentration of TAN at 9.98 mg L À1 caused changes in the levels of plasma electrolytes (Na + , K + and Cl À ) compared with control fish. No mortality was observed in any group during the treatment period. The present study reveals that the levels of plasma sodium and potassium (except on 7th day) electrolytes were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased throughout the study period. However, the decrease in plasma chloride level was found to be not significant when compared with control group. The present study concludes that the measurements of plasma electrolytes levels can be used as potential biomarkers for monitoring nitrogenous chemicals in aquatic environment.

Responses of Cirrhinus mrigala to second‐generation fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) toxicity: Assessment of antioxidants, tissue morphology, and inorganic ions

“…The visualized anomalies in the tissues of fingerlings exposed to ciprofloxacin are associated with the lowering of plasma inorganic ions. Dinesh et al reported that prolonged exposure of fish exposed to xenobiotics might leads to impairment of ion oregulation, which in turn affects the physiology and metabolic activities of the fish 90 . Multiple functional activities of gills are closely associated with the epithelial chloride cells, which consists of a specialized membrane‐bound enzyme (Na + /K + ‐ATPase) for ion homeostasis 91,92 .…”

Nephrotoxic and in vivo Antioxidant Effects of Citrullus Lanatus Seed Extract

“…High levels of blood creatinine are found in renal dysfunction or muscle injury [35]. Levels of specific ions such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl−) and bicarbonate (HCO3−) are used as biomarkers of electrolyte imbalance [36]. Electrolytes promote fluid balance via maintenance of blood volume, fluid absorption and generation of impulses.…”

Toxicidade aguda da amônia em pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

“…Por estarem relacionados à fração proteica da dieta e seu processo cataólico, esses elementos geram resíduos nitrogenados que são eliminados nas fezes ou em forma de amônia pelas brânquias (Boyd, 1992). O acúmulo de amônia na água pode resultar em aumento nas concentrações desse parâmetro no sangue e tecidos de peixes, o que pode ocasionar a redução do desempenho zootécnico dos animais, e concentrações mais elevadas podem provocar toxicidades subletal e letal (Dinesh, 2013).…”