Effect of Amitriptyline on the Analgesia Induced by Adrenal Medullary Tissue Transplanted in the Rat Spinal Subarachnoid Space as Measured by an Experimental Model of Acute Pain

Effect of the antidepressant nefazodone on the density of cells expressing mu-opioid receptors in discrete brain areas processing sensory and affective dimensions of pain

“…Chronic administration of antidepressants for 28 days has shown a weak antinociceptive effect in the formalin test and no antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick test in rats (Ortega-Alvaro et al 1994, 1997. While other studies using neuropathic pain models reported an antinociceptive effect with several antidepressants (Ardid and Guilbaud 1992;Lang et al 1996;Esser et al 2001).…”

The analgesic potential of intraventricular polymer-encapsulated adrenal chromaffin cells in a rodent model of chronic neuropathic pain.

“…For example, subthreshold doses of enkephalin and NE have synergistic effects that, when combined, produce analgesia (Meert & Dekock, 1994; Yaksh & Reddy, 1981). Numerous studies with rodent models of acute and chronic pain have suggested that adrenal chromaffin cells implanted in the intrathecal space and in the periaqueductal gray reliably produce very large, long-lasting analgesic effects (Czech & Sagen, 1995; Hama & Sagen, 1993; Hama & Sagen, 1994; Hama, Unnerstall, Siegan, & Sagen, 1995; Ortegaalvaro et al, 1994; Pappas & Sagen, 1988b; Sagen, 1992; Sagen, 1997; Sagen, Kemmler, & Wang, 1991; Sagen, Ortega, & Pappas, 1994; Sagen & Pappas, 1987, 1988a ; Sagen, Pappas, & Perlow, 1986; Sagen, Pappas, & Perlow, 1987a; Sagen, Pappas, & Pollard, 1986; Sagen & Wang, 1990; Sagen, Wang, & Pappas, 1990; Sagen, Wang, Tresco, & Aebischer, 1993; Siegan & Sagen, 1995, 1997; Wang & Sagen, 1994, 1995). Xenogeneic adrenal chromaffin cells encapsulated in immunoisolatory polymer membranes have also been reported to produce substantial analgesic effects (Decosterd et al, 1998; Sagen et al, 1993).…”