Effect of Ambient Temperature and Humidity on Combustion and Emissions of a Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition Engine

Chang, Yan; Mendrea, Brandon; Sterniak, Jeff; Bohac, Stanislav V.

doi:10.1115/1.4034966

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There are numerous studies, which investigated the effect of relative humidity on real-life engines. For example, Chang et al [5] showed that a 50% increase in relative humidity from ambient at 30% to a mild at 60% had a significant impact on the engine manifested mainly in retarding the combustion phasing along with reducing the NOx concentration. Similarly, Pekula et al [6] showed that a threefold increase in the relative humidity can cause a reduction of NOx concentration by 15 to 20%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Assessment of the Effect of Relative Humidity on the Decomposition of the ZDDP Antiwear Additive

et al. 2021

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The effect of relative humidity on the decomposition reaction of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additive under boundary lubrication regime has been investigated using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The ZDDP tribofilms were formed using the pin-on-disc tribometer at 30 and 90% relative humidity, which was controlled using a custom-made humid chamber. The results suggest that relative humidity does not change only the length of the phosphate chains but also their affinity towards the available cations. At low relative humidity, zinc pyrophosphate to polyphosphate chains were formed compared to predominantly shorter iron orthophosphate chains at high relative humidity. In addition, relative humidity altered the structure of the mature tribofilm. At low relative humidity, the tribofilm had a patchy structure with average thickness of 140 nm and fractal dimension of 2.17. However, at high relative humidity, the tribofilm had a thin dendritic structure with average thickness of 85 nm and fractal dimension of 2.34. This means that the structure is more complex with a larger number of nesting self-similar structures at all scales. This is significant in making the transition from descriptive towards quantitative information of the tribofilm structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig 5. Raman spectra of the different zinc, iron and mixed zinc and iron phosphate glasses used as standards for Raman spectroscopy…”

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confidence: 99%

An Assessment of the Effect of Relative Humidity on the Decomposition of the ZDDP Antiwear Additive

et al. 2021

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“…Similarly, elevating Tintake also increases the values of HRRmax because of a smaller fraction of MFBtrans. 23 The cyclic variation of CoV of HRRmax is also given in Figure 10. Similar to the trends in the variation of MFBtrans, the variation in HRRmax decreases with both advancing ST and increasing Tintake.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the perspective on the SICAI combustion and studies mentioned above, it is seen that SICAI combustion is very sensitive to the in-cylinder dilution rate and thermal state. 23 Besides, the effect of spark assistance relies heavily on the in-cylinder condition and the operating load. 24,25 Several studies have shown the role of varying spark timings (STs) in the control of SICAI combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion development in a gasoline-fueled spark ignition–controlled auto-ignition engine operated at different spark timings and intake air temperatures

Yıldız

Çeper

2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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Spark ignition–controlled auto-ignition is a combustion strategy to overcome the challenges in a homogeneous charge compression ignition or controlled auto-ignition combustion which has a limited operation region and does not have any direct control of the combustion timing. However, the spark ignition–controlled auto-ignition combustion can result in a large cyclic variability due to two main distinctive combustion phases developing initially by flame propagation and following controlled auto-ignition combustion throughout an engine cycle. Characterization of combustion development is, therefore, required to maintain a stable engine operation under spark ignition–controlled auto-ignition combustion. In this research, experimental studies were carried out to investigate spark ignition–controlled auto-ignition combustion development at different spark advances and intake air temperatures. Combustion analyses were performed employing pressure-based heat release and mass fraction burn curve to determine the main combustion parameters along with transition points (corresponding to crank angles) to controlled auto-ignition and mass fraction burnt by flame propagation. The results reveal that transition point has a strong correlation with crank angle position where 10% of fuel mass consumed combustion phasing rather than mass fraction burnt by flame propagation at the same intake air temperature. The cycles with a higher mass fraction burnt by flame propagation can result from early flame development at the advanced spark timings (at −30 and −40 °CA) while the slow flame development at a spark timing of −20 °CA due to late transition point corresponding to crank angle occurred. Besides, it is also found that flame propagation phase more contributes to the cyclic variation in the whole combustion process.

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“…Also, this only affect the CAFE standard and it is not the fuel economy ratings which would inform the consumer or the emission level certification. [16] While Europe and China have the similar evaluation method for fuel economy, commissions from these countries established the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) regulations and announced that the vehicle emission must be tested on the road in addition to the drive cycle testing and must be measured with a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) [17]- [19]. However, the reproducibility of these tests is very difficult to achieve because of the dynamic and environmental boundaries such as routes, ambient conditions, and the data analysis methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency and Emission Testing for Connected and Automated Vehicles Using Real-World Driving Data

Yan

Yang

Zhao

2018

2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)

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By using the onboard sensing and external connectivity technology, connected and automated vehicles (CAV) could lead to improved energy efficiency, better routing, and lower traffic congestion. With the rapid development of the technology and adaptation of CAV, it is more critical to develop the universal evaluation method and the testing standard which could evaluate the impacts on energy consumption and environmental pollution of CAV fairly, especially under the various traffic conditions. In this paper, we proposed a new method and framework to evaluate the energy efficiency and emission of the vehicle based on the unsupervised learning methods. Both the real-world driving data of the evaluated vehicle and the large naturalistic driving dataset are used to perform the driving primitive analysis and coupling. Then the linear weighted estimation method could be used to calculate the testing result of the evaluated vehicle. The results show that this method can successfully identify the typical driving primitives. The couples of the driving primitives from the evaluated vehicle and the typical driving primitives from the large real-world driving dataset coincide with each other very well. This new method could enhance the standard development of the energy efficiency and emission testing of CAV and other off-cycle credits.

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Effect of Ambient Temperature and Humidity on Combustion and Emissions of a Spark-Assisted Compression Ignition Engine

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

An Assessment of the Effect of Relative Humidity on the Decomposition of the ZDDP Antiwear Additive

An Assessment of the Effect of Relative Humidity on the Decomposition of the ZDDP Antiwear Additive

Combustion development in a gasoline-fueled spark ignition–controlled auto-ignition engine operated at different spark timings and intake air temperatures

Energy Efficiency and Emission Testing for Connected and Automated Vehicles Using Real-World Driving Data

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