Effect of ambient environment on excimer laser induced micro and nano-structuring of stainless steel

Umm-i-Kalsoom,; Bashir, Shazia; Ali, Nisar; Akram, Mahreen; Mahmood, Khaliq; Ahmad, Riaz

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.07.107

Cited by 39 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The effect of environment (in both vacuum and oxygen) on micro- and nano-structures during laser irradiation of stainless steel was reported by Kalsoom et al 26 Redeposition, enhancement of surface oxygen content and phase change are observed during laser irradiation of stainless steel in the oxygen environment. Erasenthiran et al 27 carried out experiments to find out the effect of oxygen, air and nitrogen as well as their pressures during normal and slant cutting of 1 mm mild steel using both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed CO 2 laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Experimental investigations of nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam micromachining on 304 stainless steel

Behera

Sankar

Baruah

et al. 2018

Journal of Micromanufacturing

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The demand for miniaturized components is increasing day by day as their application varies from industry to industry such as biomedical, micro-electro-mechanical system and aerospace. In the present research work, high-quality micro-channels are fabricated on 304 stainless steel by laser beam micromachining process with nanosecond Nd:YAG laser. The laser pulse energy (LPE), scanning speed (SS) and scanning pass number (SP No.) are used as the process parameters, whereas the depth and width of the kerf as well as the surface roughness are used to characterize the micro-channels. It is found that the kerf depth, width and surface roughness decrease with increase in the SS. The kerf depth sharply increases with increase in the SP No. The kerf width is minimum at 30 mJ LPE, 400 µm s‒1 SS and 10 SP No. The minimum surface roughness is observed at 30 mJ LPE, 500 µm s‒1 SS and 10 SP No. The oxygen content is found to gradually decrease with the distance from the centre of the micro-channel. Based on the experimental results, optimized input parameters can be offered to control the micro-channel dimensions and improve their surface finish effectively on stainless steel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Experimental investigations of nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam micromachining on 304 stainless steel

Behera

Sankar

Baruah

et al. 2018

Journal of Micromanufacturing

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, the intensity of the characteristic peaks of all the hollow fibers has been reduced significantly. This can be attributed to the re-crystallization effect, i.e., the large grains were broken up into smaller ones during the high-temperature sintering process [25]. Some additional peaks are also identified in the XRD patterns of the hollow fibers, indicating that some impurity phases have been generated after sintering.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sintering of the Immersion-Induced Porous Stainless Steel Hollow Fiber Membranes

Song²,

Tan³

2015

J Membra Sci Technol

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gas permeability due to the low surface porosity despite their apparent porosities are larger than 40%, indicating the majority of pore volume was closed inside the fiber wall. Actually, the membrane properties like microstructure, surface porosity, pore size distribution and mechanical strength that should be critically considered in practical applications are significantly affected by the sintering conditions in the preparation of inorganic membranes [19]. For example, sintering of the PSS hollow fibres under air, CO 2 , He and H 2 atmospheres would lead to different microstructures [20]. However, the general evolution of microstructure and performance of the resultant PSS hollow fibers with the variation of sintering conditions has not been much clarified. The objective of this work was to elucidate the effects of sintering parameters including atmosphere, temperature and dwelling time on the microstructure and properties of the PSS hollow fibers spun by the phase inversion-sintering technique, and to identify the optimal sintering conditions at which high performance PSS hollow fiber membranes can be achieved.

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“…The observed increase in periodicity of LIPSS at both the central and the peripheral ablated areas is attributable to enhanced energy absorption by the zirconium surface with an increasing number of laser pulses. [29] The formation of nanocones and globules is attributable to quick solidification of the melted layer. [30] The formation of circular ripples is due to the formation and expansion of bubbles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser induced nanostructuring of zirconium in liquid confined environment

et al. 2017

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The surface, structural, and mechanical properties of zirconium after irradiation with Ti: sapphire laser (800 nm, 30 fs, 1 kHz) have been investigated. The zirconium targets were exposed for a varying number of laser pulses ranging from 500 to 2000 at a fixed fluence of 3.6 J/cm 2 corresponding to an intensity of 1.2×10 14 W/cm 2 in ambient environments of deionized water and propanol. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to investigate the surface morphology of the irradiated zirconium. The SEM analysis shows the formation of various kinds of features including nanoscale laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), sponge like surface structure, flakes, conical structures, droplets, pores, and cavities. The energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis exhibits the variation in chemical composition along with an enhanced diffusion of oxygen under both ambient conditions. The crystal structure and phase analyses of the exposed targets were explored by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The XRD analysis confirms the presence of various phases of zirconium hydride and zirconia after ablation in both de-ionized water and propanol. However, excessive hydrides are formed in the case of propanol. The Raman analysis supports the EDS and XRD results. It also reveals the presence of oxides (zirconia) after irradiation in both de-ionized water and propanol environments. The chemical reactivity of zirconium was significantly improved in the presence of liquids which were accountable for the growth of novel phases and modification in the chemical composition of the irradiated Zr. A nanohardness tester was employed to measure the nanohardness of the laser treated targets. The initial increase and then decrease in nanohardness was observed with an increase in the number of laser pulses in the de-ionized water environment. In the case of propanol, a continuous decrease in hardness was observed.

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Effect of ambient environment on excimer laser induced micro and nano-structuring of stainless steel

Cited by 39 publications

References 40 publications

Experimental investigations of nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam micromachining on 304 stainless steel

Experimental investigations of nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam micromachining on 304 stainless steel

Sintering of the Immersion-Induced Porous Stainless Steel Hollow Fiber Membranes

Femtosecond laser induced nanostructuring of zirconium in liquid confined environment

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