The
current work focuses on the fabrication of high-molecular-weight
stereocomplex poly(lactic acid)/nanohydroxyapatite (sPLA/n-HAP)-based
bionanocomposite for three-dimensional (3D)-printed orthopedic implants
and high-temperature engineering applications. To achieve the same,
n-HAP is grafted with poly(d-lactic acid) (PDLA) via in situ
ring-opening polymerization of d-lactide, followed by blending
with poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), which yields sPLA/n-HAP
biocomposite with improved storage modulus even at temperatures higher
than 140 °C. X-ray diffraction and calorimetric analysis ensure
the presence of 100% stereocomplex crystallites of biocomposite along
with significant improvement in the melting temperature (∼227
°C). Noteworthy improvements in the mechanical and gas-barrier
properties of the developed biocomposites are achieved due to the
uniform dispersion of n-HAP (∼60 nm) confirmed by morphological
studies. An unusual improvement in elongation at break (∼130%
at 1 wt % HAP loading) makes this composite a toughened material.
However, the tensile strength is improved by ∼16%, whereas
oxygen permeability and water vapor transmission rate are found to
reduce by ∼48 and ∼34%, respectively. Interestingly,
the developed material is processed as monofilament, followed to 3D
printing to yield a middle phalanx bone as a representative example
of orthopedic implants. In vitro studies reveal that cell adhesion
and proliferation on the surface of the developed biocomposite support
its biocompatible nature. This signifies the possible future aspects
of the material in commercial biomedical and high-temperature engineering
applications.
The quality of surface is one of the significant parameters which affects the life and functionality of any product. Many products require nano-level surface finish as their functional indispensability. Those processes having flexible finishing tool can be employed for such type of components. These finishing processes can be classified into two categories: with and without magnetic field assistance. The former includes magnetic abrasive finishing, magnetorheological finishing, and allied processes, and the latter includes abrasive flow finishing. This article reports the critical review of mainly three processes: abrasive flow finishing, magnetorheological finishing, and magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing. In this article, the issues that need attention of the researchers have been categorically mentioned. This article provides a comprehensive literature review of magnetorheological finishing process in terms of rheological characterization of magnetorheological fluid, experimental investigation, theoretical analysis, and applications. This article deals with various advancements in abrasive flow finishing and hybrid processes. The developments in magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing and its allied processes have been discussed in detail. By suitable modification of magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing process, it can achieve surface finish up to nano-meter on different materials such as brass, aluminium, stainless steel, and silicon-nitride.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.