Effect of Altitude Conditions on Combustion and Performance of a Multi-Cylinder Turbocharged Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

Szedlmayer, Michael T.; Kweon, Chol-Bum

doi:10.4271/2016-01-0742

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As a first step in this parametric study, the values of all the variables that participate in the determination of the influence of ambient humidity (Tables 8 and 9) are calculated: saturation pressure P sat in Equation ( 13), absolute humidity ω in Equation (11) and molar pseudo fraction of water vapor X H 2 O in Equation (16). In addition, according to those stated in Section 2.2, the density of humid air of Equation ( 19) is also calculated, obtained by applying the correction factor K hum of Equation (18). It should be noted that the AVL BOOST™ model cannot be applied directly considering humid air due to the limitations of the software for estimating pollutant emissions under these conditions.…”

Section: Effect Of the Variation Of Relative Humidity For Each Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They showed that the dynamic behavior of a variable geometry turbine during the EDC driving cycle generates high pressure peaks in the exhaust manifold that, added to the low charge pressures at the intake, reduce the indicated efficiency with the consequent increase in BSFC and emissions. The performance of these systems when they experiment altitude variations are limited due to three main factors: the pressure limits in the cylinder, the average speed of the turbine and the temperature reached at the exhaust [11], in addition to the functional design limits of the diesel engine [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important factor to consider is the engine load and the regime, as analyzed by [18,19], who stated that as the altitude increases, the emission of HC, CO, NOx and smoke are increased in a diesel engine, especially at speeds of 2000 rpm when, for example, under special engine operating conditions (full load and low rpm), the reduction in HC and NOx emissions can be observed at high altitudes, or higher efficiency conditions observed at higher fuel injection temperatures and decreased ignition delay time.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of Environmental Changes Due to Altitude on Performance, Fuel Consumption and Emissions of a Naturally Aspirated Diesel Engine

2021

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The present study shows the effects of environmental conditions (atmospheric temperature, pressure and relative humidity) due to altitude changes on performance, fuel consumption and emissions in a naturally aspirated diesel engine. Due to changes in altitude, the atmospheric conditions are altered, mainly the air density, associated to hydrostatic pressure, temperature profile and humidity and relative nitrogen/oxygen ratio, thus modifying the engine intake conditions. The study considers changes in altitude from sea level to 2500 m above sea level, which are representative of the orographic conditions in Ecuador. As a main part of this research, a parametric study of variation of atmospheric temperature, pressure and relative humidity is carried out in AVL BOOST™, showing the effects on mean effective pressure, fuel consumption and specific pollutant emissions (CO2, NOx, CO and soot). The study considers effects at regional level (change from an altitude to another) and local level (changes in the atmospheric conditions due to local anticyclone or storm, temperature and humidity). The quantitative effects are expressed in the form of sensitivity coefficients, e.g., relative change in an engine output variable due to the change in atmospheric pressure, temperature or humidity. In addition, several global correlations have been obtained to provide analytical expressions to summarize all results obtained, showing the separate effect of pressure and temperature on each engine performance variable.

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Section: Effect Of the Variation Of Relative Humidity For Each Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of Environmental Changes Due to Altitude on Performance, Fuel Consumption and Emissions of a Naturally Aspirated Diesel Engine

2021

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“…Luján et al [8] also discussed this result, who also found a penalty in fuel consumption close to 10% running driving cycles at −7 • C. Despite the interest for the combination of high-pressure (HP) and low-pressure (LP) exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) [9], extremely cold temperatures can also lead to a decrease the EGR rate, as discussed by Galindo et al [10] regarding condensation in the LP-EGR path. In a similar way, operation at high altitude penalizes the engine performance concerning the combustion [11] and gas exchange processes [12], as well as emissions [13]. In this regard, Table 1 summarizes the contributions of different works from the literature regarding the impact of the driving altitude and ambient temperature on the pollutant emissions, including the main conclusion of this work, as discussed later in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysis of the Driving Altitude and Ambient Temperature Impact on the Conversion Efficiency of Oxidation Catalysts

et al. 2021

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Worldwide emission standards are extending their requirements to cover engine operation under extreme ambient conditions and fill the gap between the type-approval and real driving conditions. The new ambient boundaries affect the engine performance and raw emissions as well as the efficiency of the exhaust aftertreatment systems. This study evaluates the impact of high altitude and low ambient temperature on the light-off temperature and conversion efficiency of an oxidation catalyst. The results are compared in a common range of exhaust mass flow and temperature with the baseline sea-level operation at 20 °C. A reduction of CO and HC conversion efficiencies was found at 2500 m and −7 °C, with a relevant increase of the light-off temperature for both of the pollutants. The analysis of the experimental data was complemented with the use of a catalyst model to identify the causes leading to the deterioration of the CO and HC light-off. The use of the model allowed for identifying, for the same exhaust mass flow and temperature, the contributions to the variation of conversion efficiency caused by the change in engine-out emissions and tailpipe pressure, which are, in turn, manifested in the variation of the reactants partial pressure and dwell time as governing parameters.

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“…Furthermore, emission conditions also vary largely, in particular among main metropolitan areas; while pollutants are emitted at sea level in Buenos Aires (Argentina), those in La Paz (Bolivia) are emitted at approximately 3600 m above sea level. This altitude can have an important impact on vehicle emissions with different emissions due to altitude (He et al, 2011;Ni et al, 2014;Szedlmayer and Kweon, 2016;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introduction and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of anthropogenic air pollutant emission inventories for South America at national and city scale

Huneeus

Gon²,

Castesana

et al. 2020

Atmospheric Environment

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The changing composition of the atmosphere, driven by anthropogenic emissions, is the cause of anthropogenic climate change as well as deteriorating air quality. Emission inventories are essential to understand the contribution of various human activities, model and predict the changing atmospheric composition, and design cost-effective mitigation measures. At present, national emission inventories in South America (SA) focus on Greenhouse Gases (GHG) as part of their obligations to the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCC) within the framework of their national communications. Emission inventories other than for GHG in SA focus mainly on growing urban areas and megacities. Therefore, studies examining air quality at national, regional or continental scales in SA depend on (down-scaled) global emission inventories. This paper examines the emission estimates of air pollutants from various global inventories for five SA countries, namely Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru. A more detailed analysis is conducted for the EDGAR and ECLIPSE emission inventories, in particular against local city-scale inventories of a major city in each country. Although total emissions between down-scaled global inventories and local city inventories are often comparable, large discrepancies exist between the sectoral contributions. This is critical as the mitigation of poor air quality will depend on addressing the right sources. Potential sources of discrepancies between global and local inventories include the spatial distribution proxies, difference in emission factors used and/or the use of generic statistical country data when estimating emissions. This highlights the importance of using local information when generating national emission inventories, especially for air quality modeling and development of effective mitigation measures. This work represents a first step towards an increased understanding of the strength and weaknesses of emissions information in SA.

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Effect of Altitude Conditions on Combustion and Performance of a Multi-Cylinder Turbocharged Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

Cited by 39 publications

References 7 publications

Influence of Environmental Changes Due to Altitude on Performance, Fuel Consumption and Emissions of a Naturally Aspirated Diesel Engine

Influence of Environmental Changes Due to Altitude on Performance, Fuel Consumption and Emissions of a Naturally Aspirated Diesel Engine

Analysis of the Driving Altitude and Ambient Temperature Impact on the Conversion Efficiency of Oxidation Catalysts

Evaluation of anthropogenic air pollutant emission inventories for South America at national and city scale

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