Effect of Aloe vera extract on the improvement of the respiratory activity of leukocytes of matrinxã during the transport stress

Abstract

-This study evaluated the effect of extract of Aloe vera in the transport water of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) fish on stress response and leukocyte respiratory activity. Fish was transported for 4 h in water containing Aloe at levels 0; 0.02; 0.2 and 2 mg/L, and sampled before transport 2, 4, 24 and 96 h after for determination of plasma glucose and respiratory activity of leukocytes. An additional in vitro assay was conducted with another fish species, pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), to test the respiratory burst of leukocytes exposed to Aloe extract (0.0, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only) at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/L). Plasma glucose increased after 2 and 4 h of transport and returned to control levels within 24 h, but the addition of Aloe in the transport water did not affect the level of blood glucose. However, at 2 h of transport, Aloe enhanced the respiratory activity of leukocytes in a dose-dependent way. The highest value of respiratory burst activity of leukocytes was observed in the fish transported in water containing Aloe at 2 mg/L. The enhancing effect of the plant extract on the production of oxygen radicals was confirmed in vitro in leukocytes of pacu incubated in Aloe at concentrations 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L. The results suggest that Aloe vera is a modulator of the immune system in fish improving the innate immune response tested.

Effects ofPanax ginsengextract in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on growth performance, immune response and resistance toYersinia ruckeri

“…The recovered dry residue was suspended in distilled water at 2 mg mL À1 , filtered and stored at 4°C. This concentration was chosen based on previous published data (Zanuzzo, Biller-Takahashi & Urbinati 2012;Picchietti, Bernini, Belardinelli, Ovidi, Taddei, Guerra, Abelli & Fausto 2013) and on preliminary studies aimed at evaluating a possible cytotoxicity of plant extracts on leukocytes (authors data, not shown).…”

Dietary Aloe vera supplementation on growth performance, some haemato-biochemical parameters and disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae in tilapia (GIFT)

“…Immuno-nutritional benefits of A. vera have been demonstrated in several freshwater species such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [29e32], common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [33,20], Labeo rohita [34], Brycon amazonicus [35], and Sea bream (Sparu aurata) [36]. Taiwo et al [37]; and Jegede [38] reported histopathological effects of A. vera on tilapia species.…”

The use of feed and water additives for live fish transport

“…Zanuzzo et al . () dissolved A. vera powder (concentrations: 0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mg L −1 ) in the transport water of matrinxã ( Brycon amazonicus , Spix and Agassiz 1829). Aloe vera increased the activity of the immune system, by enhancing the respiratory activity of leucocytes, in matrinxã following handling but the effects of A. vera were no longer apparent at the end of the 4 h transport.…”

“…One study looked at A. vera as a dietary supplement prior to transport (Zanuzzo et al 2017;see above) and an additional study by the same group used A. vera in the water during transport of fish. Zanuzzo et al (2012) dissolved A. vera powder (concentrations: 0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mg L À1 ) in the transport water of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus, Spix and Agassiz 1829). Aloe The water conditioner contained unspecified quantities of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, pyrogenic silica, dimethylketone, alpha-methylquinoline, methylene blue, nitromersol, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, triethylene glycol and acriflavine (Plumb et al 1988).…”