Dietary Aloe vera supplementation on growth performance, some haemato-biochemical parameters and disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae in tilapia (GIFT)

Gabriel, Ndakalimwe Naftal; Qiang, Jun; He, Jie; Yu, Xin; Kpundeh, Mathew Didlyn; Xu, Pao

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.002

Cited by 141 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, based on the second-order polynomial analyses, the optimum dietary A. vera was estimated to be 1.76%, 1.82%, and 2.10% for amylase, trypsin, and lipase concentration, respectively. Dietary A. vera optimum levels suitable for the enhancement of digestive enzymes in this study corresponded closely with dietary A. vera inclusion level, which supported maximum growth performance and feed utilization in the same fish species reported in the authors' previous study (Gabriel et al, 2015). This supports the assumption that medicinal herbal extracts have the ability to improve growth performance in fish by enhancing their nutrient digestibility, absorption and assimilation capacity through improved digestive enzyme distribution, and activities, as narrated earlier in this study.…”

Section: X=210supporting

confidence: 87%

“…This supports the assumption that medicinal herbal extracts have the ability to improve growth performance in fish by enhancing their nutrient digestibility, absorption and assimilation capacity through improved digestive enzyme distribution, and activities, as narrated earlier in this study. Moreover, improved digestive enzyme activities in the present study, feed utilization, and growth reported in the authors' previous studies (Gabriel et al, 2015) in A. vera-supplemented fish could partly be attributed to a wide range of polysaccharides such as acemannan, galactan, cellulose, pectin, glucogalactomannan, and glucoronic acid that are present in A. vera leaves (Hamman, 2008). Polysaccharides are believed to possess prebiotic properties, which benefit the host by stimulating the growth or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria species already resident in the gut, thus improving the host's gut microflora and ultimately growth through improved feed utilization and digestive enzyme activities (Gabriel et al, 2015).…”

Section: X=210supporting

confidence: 80%

“…The authors' previous study (Gabriel et al, 2015) reported that dietary A. vera improved growth, feed utilization efficiency, feed intake, and health parameters in GIFT tilapia. Overall, an inclusion level less than 2% Aloe vera/kg feed seemed suitable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Effects of dietary <i>Aloe vera</i> crude extracts on digestive enzyme activities and muscle proximate composition of GIFT tilapia juveniles

Gabriel

Qiang

et al. 2017

SA J. An. Sci.

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This study investigated the effects of dietary Aloe vera powder extract on the activities of digestive enzymes and muscle composition of Oreochromis niloticus (GIFT strain) juveniles. Five dietary groups were formulated in which A. vera powder was added into a tilapia feed at 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4%/kg feed, and fed for eight weeks. Amylase, trypsin, and lipase activities in the liver and along the alimentary canal (stomach, midgut, and hindgut) varied significantly between dietary groups. Amylase activity was significantly enhanced in the liver of fish fed 0.5, 1, and 2% dietary A. vera, and in the stomach of those fed 1%. Total amylase activity in the gastrointestinal tract (total gut) was significantly enhanced in fish fed 0.5% and 1% compared with control and those fed 4% dietary A. vera. Trypsin activity was significantly enhanced in the stomach of fish supplemented with 0.5% dietary A. vera and in the duodenum of those supplemented with 1%, 2%, and 4% dietary A. vera when compared with the control. Lipase activity was increased in the duodenum of fish fed 1.0% dietary A. vera when compared with the control. Muscle moisture content was significantly lower in all A. vera-supplemented fish, whereas protein was lower in those fed 2% and 4% A. vera diet when compared with the control. Based on second-order polynomial regression analysis, dietary A. vera inclusion level less than or equal to 1.76%, 1.82%, 2.10%/kg feed was determined to be suitable in enhancing carbohydrate, protein and lipid digestion, respectively, in GIFT tilapia in this study. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: X=210supporting

confidence: 87%

Section: X=210supporting

confidence: 80%

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Effects of dietary <i>Aloe vera</i> crude extracts on digestive enzyme activities and muscle proximate composition of GIFT tilapia juveniles

Gabriel

Qiang

et al. 2017

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…Dietary Aloe vera inclusion had no effect on growth, non-specific immune parameters, the expression 402 of several immune-related genes, and the immune response to formalin-killed atypical Aeromonas 403 salmonicida in steelhead rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) [164]. The authors suggest that 404 prolonged feeding with A. vera may cause this undesirable effect in salmonids however no significant 405 differences were found in Nile tilapia fed for 2 weeks [130] and few and slight changes were observed in 406 hemato-immune parameters (RBC, WBC) in tilapia (GIFT) challenged with S. iniae that were fed for 8 407 weeks prior to challenge [131]. Thus, further studies are needed to evaluate the effective impact of A. vera 408 as an immunostimulant in fish.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…were observed in tilapia (GIFT) after challenge with S. iniae [131]. These differences may be related to 346 differences in the A. vera concentration used: in both studies fish were fed with 0.5%, 1%, and 2% of the 347 supplemented diet however in the case of Nile tilapia the A. vera was equally mixed with propolis.…”

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confidence: 99%

The response of fish to immunostimulant diets

Vallejos‐Vidal

Reyes-López

Teles

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

275

119

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8 Fish Immunostimulation through dietary manipulation 9The aquaculture sector has shown a rapid growth over the last 30 years with an associated increase in 10 disease problems as result of rapid expansion and amongst other factors high stocking densities. In order 11to maintain fish health and to improve performance immunostimulants have been used as dietary 12 additives to improve weight gain, feed efficiency, and/or disease resistance in cultured fish. 13An immunostimulant is a natural or chemical substance that stimulates the immune system by specific 14(vaccines or antigens) or non-specific (irrespective of antigenic specificity) routes. In Aquaculture, non- 21The immunostimulant effect of dietary supplements in fish has been focused mainly on the evaluation of 22 non-specific immune parameters and, therefore, on the consequences of these treatments on the innate 23 immune system. The innate immune system has both cellular and humoral components by which it carries 24 out its protective function. The major components of the innate immune system at cellular level are 25 leukocytes, mainly monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes [1,2]. Among the granulocytes, neutrophils 26are the most abundant cell-type and their presence has been described in Salmoniformes, Cypriniformes 27 and Perciformes [3]. Neutrophils and macrophages are responsible for the production of bioactive 28 molecules for pathogen recognition and destruction, cellular communication and activation, initiation of 29 an adaptive immune response and later, resolution of an inflammatory response and tissue repair. 30Furthermore, these cell types are responsible in the majority for phagocytosis [4], one of the main 31 mediators of innate immunity to remove pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. For this 32 reason, these immune cell types are also called phagocytes. This microbe/killing mechanism triggers 33 diverse antimicrobial processes that use a wide variety of mechanisms including cellular activation, 34 production of oxidative radicals, and the production of cytokines driving the inflammatory response 35 amongst others. 36Two of the most important antimicrobial systems of phagocytic cells are the NADPH phagocyte oxidase 37 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathways, which are responsible for the generation of 38 superoxide (O2 − ) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals, respectively. NADPH oxidase, a multi-subunit complex, 39 catalyses a one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen into superoxide anion (O2 − ), also referred to as 40 reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is either spontaneously converted to H2O2 or enzymatically by 41 superoxide dismutase (SOD). In comparison to neutrophils, the size of the respiratory burst is much 42 reduced in macrophages [5]. Since O2 − is the first product to be released from the respiratory burst, the 43 measurement of O2 − has been accepted as a direct and accurate way of measuring respiratory burst 44 activity [6]: the reduction of ferricytochrome c to determine extracellular O2 − , and th...

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