Effect of Air Contaminants on Poultry Immunological and Production Performance

Almuhanna, Emad A.; Ahmed, Ali; Al-Yousif, Y.M.

doi:10.3923/ijps.2011.461.470

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Poultry production industry, as the largest contributor to ammonia emissions of all animal husbandry operations, has undergone considerable surveillance from public and regulatory agencies due to their environmental impacts ( Hale et al., 2010 , Lin et al., 2017 ). Meanwhile, poultry companies have to be concerned not only for worker health, but also for poultry health because elevated concentrations of atmospheric ammonia have an adverse impact on bird physiology and productivity ( Carlile, 1984 , Ritz et al., 2006 , Almuhanna, 2011a , Almuhanna et al., 2011b ; Kearney et al., 2014 , Nemer et al., 2015 ). Ammonia is known as an irritant alkaline air contaminant, with occupational limits set at 50 ppm ( OSHA, 2012 ) for the 8-h permissible exposure limit or 25 ppm ( NIOSH, 2016 ), and a level of 300 ppm is considered to be immediately dangerous to human life and health ( Wheeler et al., 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic heat stress and ammonia concentration on blood parameters of laying hens

Tong

Shi

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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Less evidence is available currently to reveal whether the immune system and productivity of laying hens change under long periods of ammonia exposure in hot climate. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of chronic exposure to high temperature and ammonia concentrations on health, immune response, and reproductive hormones of commercial laying hens. A total of five hundred and seventy six 20-week-old laying hens (Hy-Line Brown) were used in this study. Birds were housed in cages (4 birds per cage) and received 16-wk treatments in 6 artificial environmental chambers. Hens were allocated to 6 treatments: treatment 1 (T1, 20°C, ≤5 ppm, control group), treatment 2 (T2, 20°C, 20 ppm), treatment 3 (T3, 20°C, 45 ppm), treatment 4 (T4, 35°C, ≤5 ppm), treatment 5 (T5, 35°C, 20 ppm), and treatment 6 (T6, 35°C, 45 ppm). Blood samples were collected at 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38 wk of age and plasma IgG, IgM, IgA, corticosterone ( CORT ), total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC ), luteinizing hormone ( LH ), estradiol ( E2 ), and follicular stimulating hormone ( FSH ) were measured. The results of this study showed that high ambient temperature and excessive ammonia increased the concentration of IgG but decreased the concentration of IgA, T-AOC, LH, FSH, and E2 of hens compared with those of the control birds. From the age of 34 wk, significantly increased concentrations of IgG were observed in hens exposed to moderate and high levels of ammonia. CORT level showed marked differences between the treatments only at the age of 26 wk. In addition, LH and E2 of hens demonstrated significant differences among the treatments in the middle and later stages of the experiment, while FSH levels of the control birds were significantly higher than the others at the age of 38 wk. Excessive ammonia in high temperature was a physiological stress factor that had a negative effect, which inhibited immune function and impacted the reproductive hormones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic heat stress and ammonia concentration on blood parameters of laying hens

Tong

Shi

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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“…It has also been used successfully to control ammonia accumulation in the animal’s holding facilities, as well as to reduce ammonia concentration and fecal odor in animal excreta [ 3 ]. The use of this plant extract in poultry feed enhances metabolic efficiency, control environmental ammonia levels, improve egg weights, feed conversion, and production [ 4 , 5 ]. Saponin, as the main chemical component of Y. schidigera extract is present in steroidal form, which physically binds ammonia, reducing the level of free ammonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Yucca schidigera extract as feed additive on performance of broiler chicks in winter season

Sahoo¹,

Kaur²,

Sethi³

et al. 2015

Vet World

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Aim:Yucca schidigera extract has been successfully used as feed additives in the poultry industry. It enhances the growth and productivity in broiler production. Hence, the present study was designed to analyze the effect of Y. schidigera extract in growth, carcass quality and behavior along with its economical utility in broiler rearing.Materials and Methods:Total, 120 numbers of day-old broiler chicks of equal sex ratio were randomly divided into Yucca supplemented treatment and control group, each having 60 birds in three replications of 20 numbers. The feeding management and rearing conditions were similar for all the groups as per the standard except the Yucca supplementation in the treatment group @ 125 mg/kg of feed. The parameters with respect to growth, carcass, behavior, and litter content were recorded as per standard procedures.Results:The Yucca supplementation can effectively enhance growth of 173 g in 6th week by utilizing lesser feed intake than control group, which ultimately proves better feed conversion rate, protein efficiency ratio, and energy efficiency ratio in broiler production. Eviscerated weight of 58.50% for the treatment group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than 54.10% in the control group. The breast meat yield of Yucca group (32.23%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than control (30.33%). More frequency of agonistic behavioral expressions was noticed in the control group than the treatment group. A profit of 43.68% was received by usage of Yucca supplementation in the diet on live weight basis. Numerically, lower percentage of moisture was present in Yucca treated group than the control.Conclusion:From this study, it can be concluded that Yucca supplementation has an important role in augmenting broiler‘s growth performance, efficiency to utilize feed, protein and energy, and survivability. Hence, use of Yucca powder in broiler ration could be beneficial to maintain the litter quality, which directly enhances the productivity in broiler production without any adverse effect.

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“…Poor environments normally don't cause disease directly but they do reduce the chickens' defenses, making them more susceptible to existing viruses and pathogens (Quarles and Kling, 1974). It's observed that from the present data the concentration of NH3 was the dominant gas in poultry house (Almuhanna et al, 2011). Therefore, air for poultry buildings has less than 950 ppm CO2, 28.58 ppm NH3, and 6.11 ppm H2S at bird level.…”

Section: Descriptive Statistics Of Some Environmental Factors In Diffmentioning

confidence: 55%

Seasonal Variation and Performance Evaluation of Broiler Breeder Chickens Reared in Enclosed Houses

2015

EPSJ

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In this field observational study three enclosed broiler breeder houses were selected to evaluate the effects of some environmental factors in different seasons along the year on F15 Hubbard broiler breeder chickens to provide reliable information and practical current knowledge for proper management conditions. Each house contains 4000 birds 25 Wk-old with average initial weight 2.560±50.60 kg, with a total of 12000 birds for three studied houses. Productive performances of flocks were evaluated by measuring egg production, egg weight, feed consumption, feed conversion of eggs and mortality rate. Also, egg quality traits were done for each season alone, while the physiological performance determined by measuring some blood traits. Further, fertility, hatchability and chick quality traits were also evaluated. Ambient temperature (AT, °C), relative humidity (RH, %) and concentrations of ammonia (NH3, ppm), hydrogen sulfide (H2S, ppm), carbon dioxide (CO2, ppm) and dust (mg/m 3), air velocity (AV, m/s) and static pressure (SP, Pa) were determined along the different seasons of the year. Results of the present study showed that air quality of breeder houses and either productive or physiological performance were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected due to seasonal changes along the year. High concentrations of different gases present in houses in winter season can negatively affect production and health of birds. In spring and summer seasons egg production and FCR were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the best in comparison to the other different seasons. While, insignificant differences observed in egg weight due to seasonal changes. Mortality rate showed the highest percentage for birds reared in winter compared with the other seasons. In addition, there was evidence of an increased stress response due to elevation of environmental gases in winter and autumn seasons as judged by the increase of hetrophils, lymphocyte and H/L ratio and CS level reflecting the increase of stress due to environmental conditions. However, the levels of T3 and T4 recorded significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) values for birds kept in winter season compared with the other seasons. Furthermore, egg quality traits had been significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected due to seasonal changes, where the shell thickness recorded the highest (P ≤0.05) value during autumn and spring, while the lowest recorded for summer and winter seasons. Further, insignificant differences were detected for fertility, hatchability or chick quality traits due to seasonal changes. Based on the former results, it can be concluded that the tolerable temperature for the breeder was 19-28°C, but decreasing AT to reach to 25 °C is required in summer

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Effect of Air Contaminants on Poultry Immunological and Production Performance

Cited by 38 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of chronic heat stress and ammonia concentration on blood parameters of laying hens

Effects of chronic heat stress and ammonia concentration on blood parameters of laying hens

Evaluation of Yucca schidigera extract as feed additive on performance of broiler chicks in winter season

Seasonal Variation and Performance Evaluation of Broiler Breeder Chickens Reared in Enclosed Houses

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