Effect of aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of cobalt free 18%Ni (250 grade) maraging steel

Sinha, P. P.; Tharian, K. Thomas; Sreekumar, K.; Nagarajan, K. V.; Sarma, D. S.

doi:10.1179/mst.1998.14.1.1

Cited by 62 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Depending on the alloy composition and heat treatment conditions, the strengthening mechanism during the ageing heat treatment relates to the precipitation of various intermetallic phases, such as Fe 2 Mo, Fe 7 Mo 6 , Ni 3 Ti and NiAl. Depending on the intermetallic composition, the effect on the age hardening of the nickel-rich martensite of the maraging steels can be strong (due to the addition of Ti or Be), moderate (when alloyed with Al, Nb, Mn, Si, Ta or V) or weak (Co, Cu or Zr) [ 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Novel Co-Free Maraging Steel M789 Prepared by Additive Manufacturing

Brytan

Król

Benedyk³

et al. 2022

Materials

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This research aims to characterize and examine the microstructure and mechanical properties of the newly developed M789 steel, applied in additive manufacturing. The data presented herein will bring about a broader understanding of the processing–microstructure–property–performance relationships in this material based on its chemical composition and heat treatment. Samples were printed using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process and then the solution was annealed at 1000 °C for 1 h, followed by aging at 500 °C for soaking times of 3, 6 and 9 h. The AM components showed a relative density of 99.1%, which arose from processing with the following parameters: laser power of 200 W, laser speed of 340 mm/s, and hatch distance of 120 µm. Optical and electron microscopy observations revealed microstructural defects, typical for LPBF processes, like voids appearing between the melted pools of different sizes with round or creviced geometries, nonmelted powder particle formation inside such cavities, and small spherical porosity that was preferentially located between the molten pools. In addition, in heat-treated conditions, AM maraging steel has combined oxide inclusions of Ti and Al (TiO2:Al2O3) that reside along the grain boundaries and secondary porosities; these may act as preferential zones for crack initiation and may increase the brittleness of the AM steel under aged conditions. Consequently, the elongation of the AM alloy was low (<3%) for both annealed and aged solution conditions. The tensile strength of AM M789 increased from 968 MPa (solution annealed) to 1500–1600 MPa after the aging process due to precipitation within the intermetallic η-phase. A tensile strength and yield point of 1607 ± 26 and 1617 ± 45 MPa were obtained, respectively, after a full heat treatment at 500 °C/6 h. The results show that 3 h aging of solution annealed AM M789 steel achieves satisfactory material properties in industrial practice. Extending the aging time of printed parts to 6 h yields slightly improved properties but may not be worth the effort, while long-term aging (9 h) was shown to even reduce quality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Novel Co-Free Maraging Steel M789 Prepared by Additive Manufacturing

Brytan

Król

Benedyk³

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…By taking the logarithm form of Equations (2)-(4), the relationship of peak stress to the strain rate is expressed as Equations (5)- (7).…”

Section: Hot Deformation Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to explore the mechanical response of materials and the change of the microstructure in high speed cutting, it is necessary to know the mechanical deformation behaviors and microstructure evolutions under extreme loading conditions. At present, the research on ultra-high strength steel mainly focuses on the use and heat treatment [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The dynamic responses and accompanied metallographic transformations under extreme loading condition of high strain rate, large strain, and high temperature as in the machining process are waiting discovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Behaviors and Microstructure Evolution of Iron–Nickel Based Ultra-High Strength Steel by SHPB Testing

Wang

Xie

et al. 2019

Metals

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Iron–nickel based ultra-high strength steel (wt. 18~20% Ni) is characterized by its high strength and low thermal conductivity, and is normally used to make key components by forming and machining processes. The optimization of these processes is based on a deep understanding of the mechanical and dynamic behaviors under high strain, high strain rate, and high temperature. In this paper, the relationship of stress to strain, strain rate, and temperature is systematically investigated by the dynamic compression tests combined with quasi-static compression tests, and the hardening and softening is associated with the transformation in microstructures. According to the analysis, dynamic recrystallization around 600 °C is assumed to be one important influencing factor, hence hot deformation equations are established and the critical strain for dynamic recrystallization and the volume fraction of the dynamic recrystallized grains are defined.

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“…As medidas de microdureza têm sido usadas tanto para a avaliação da cinética de precipitação de amostras envelhecidas quanto para o estudo das mudanças de mecanismo de endurecimento durante o envelhecimento em aços maraging (GUO, SHA, 2002;PARDAL et al, 2006;SHA, 2000;WILSON, 1996;VISWANATHAN, DEY, ASUNDI,1993a;FLOREEN, DECKER, 1962;SINHA et al, 1998 …”

Section: Microdurezaunclassified

“…Como dito anteriormente, as medidas de dureza permitem tanto o estudo da cinética de precipitação quanto o estudo das mudanças de mecanismo de endurecimento durante o envelhecimento em aços maraging (GUO, SHA, 2002;PARDAL et al, 2005;SHA, 2000;WILSON, 1996;VISWANATHAN, DEY, ASUNDI,1993a;FLOREEN, DECKER, 1962;SINHA et al, 1998). Nesta tese, as 12 Neste item, os aços maraging com cobalto serão precedidos pela letra C da classificação de sua série.…”

Section: Estudo Da Cinética De Precipitação E Do Comportamento Da Curunclassified

Um estudo cinético da precipitação de compostos intermetálicos e da reversão da martensita em aços maraging 300 e 350.

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Effect of aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of cobalt free 18%Ni (250 grade) maraging steel

Cited by 62 publications

References 10 publications

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Novel Co-Free Maraging Steel M789 Prepared by Additive Manufacturing

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Novel Co-Free Maraging Steel M789 Prepared by Additive Manufacturing

Dynamic Behaviors and Microstructure Evolution of Iron–Nickel Based Ultra-High Strength Steel by SHPB Testing

Um estudo cinético da precipitação de compostos intermetálicos e da reversão da martensita em aços maraging 300 e 350.

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