Effect of Age and Number of Deliveries on Mean Concentration of Organochlorine Compounds in Human Breast Milk in Poland

Czaja, Katarzyna; Ludwicki, Jan K; Góralczyk, Katarzyna; Struciński, Paweł

doi:10.1007/s001289900493

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The concentration of β-HCH was more than double for those having at least a relative with high β-HCH level (> 150 ng/g lipid) compared to people who did not, indicating a clear family effect confirmed also after adjusting for gender and age. As reported in the literature [18,19], there was evidence of inverse association between β-HCH and breastfeeding. The contamination seemed to be greater for those who had eaten at least one food of local/own production and for those who had used water from private wells, located in the contaminated area, for drinking, cooking, washing, or irrigating.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Gender and age (in classes) [11,12,15]; BMI: overweight or obese (> = 25) vs. normal/ underweight (< 25) [11,12]; Educational level: high or medium (secondary school or higher) vs. low (primary school or no education) [15]; Food consumption: consumption (up to 2005) of at least one of the following food of local/own production vs. commercial or no consumption: milk, cheese, eggs, fresh or cooked vegetables, fruit, liver meat, chicken, beef, pork, sheep, rabbit [9,10]; Drinking, cooking, irrigating, washing with water from private wells [15]; Breast feeding (if occurred in the last 15 years) [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of Beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane blood levels among people living close to a chemical plant and an illegal dumping site

Narduzzi¹,

Fantini

Blasetti

et al. 2020

Environ Health

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Background: Hexachlorocyclohexane is a synthetic chemical with several isomers, including β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH). In 2005, a large contamination of crude milk from some bovine farms along the Sacco River (Central Italy) was detected; it was related to the illegal disposal of large quantities of processing waste by a chemical industry of the area. A biomonitoring study, conducted in 2007 on a sample of the residing population, found high values of β-HCH in people living close to the river. These results led to the establishment of a clinical and epidemiological surveillance program on all the exposed population. The aim of the study was to evaluate the determinants of β-HCH blood levels in people living within 1 Km of the Sacco River, focusing on the role of specific foods, body mass index and risk factors not yet identified. Methods: The program involved all people living within 1 km of the river. A descriptive analysis of β-HCH blood levels was done in relation to the potential determinants including specific foods. Regression analysis was used to study the association between potential determinants and (natural log) β-HCH haematic concentration. The results were expressed as geometric mean ratios (GMR). To take into account similarities within the families we adjusted for family clustering. Results: A total of 602 subjects (87.2%) agreed to participate in the surveillance. The β-HCH geometric mean serum concentration was 72 ng/g lipid. The regression analysis showed that being female (

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane blood levels among people living close to a chemical plant and an illegal dumping site

Narduzzi¹,

Fantini

Blasetti

et al. 2020

Environ Health

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show abstract

“…It is believed that lactation and menstruation are the most efficient means of reducing a woman's body burden of organochlorines (Spicer and Keren, 1993;Czaja, et al, 1997). Therefore, exposure of infants can occur either in the womb through umbilical cord blood (Skaare, 1988;Walker, 2003) or later through breastfeeding.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Milk and Blood of Women from Anupgarh, Rajasthan, India

Kumar

Baroth

Soni

et al. 2006

Environ Monit Assess

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Anupgarh is the most fertile area of Rajasthan state where a variety of seasonal crops are grown. The availability of three manmade canals has enhanced the agricultural activities in this area. The farmers use huge amounts of pesticides to increase the crop productivity. Exposure of humans to these hazardous chemicals occurs directly in the fields and indirectly due to consumption of contaminated diet, or by inhalation or by dermal contact. The organochlorine pesticides are reported to be lipophilic and their presence in human milk and blood has been documented in different parts of the world. Blood and milk samples were collected from lactating women who were divided into four groups on the basis of different living standards viz residence area, dietary habits, working conditions and addiction to tobacco. The level of total organochlorine pesticides in blood ranged from 3.319mg/L-6.253mg/L while in milk samples it ranged from 3.209Mdash;4.608 mg/L. The results are in concurrence with the reports from other countries.

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“…The exposure may vary depending on many factors, such as the mother's age, number of deliveries and lactations, place of residence (Czaja et al 1997a(Czaja et al , 1997b, changes in the mother's weight during lactation, or the means of nutrition (Jensen and Slorach 1991;Ramos et al 1997). These factors have a direct impact on the exposure of infants to the organochlorine compounds from mothers' milk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Changes in Excretion of Persistent Organochlorine Compounds with Human Breast Milk on Related Exposure of Breast-Fed Infants

Czaja

Ludwicki

Góralczyk

et al. 1999

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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This study was an attempt to identify if there are any trends in excretion of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers alpha-, beta-, and gamma-, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), [1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane] (p,p'-DDT), [1,1-dichloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane] (p,p'-DDD), [1,1-dichloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene] (p,p'-DDE), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with human milk during lactation. The shortest lactation studied took 16 weeks, and the longest 84 weeks. Three hundred fifty-two milk samples, collected from each donor once a week, were examined. The analysis of the result showed individual differences in the excretion of the compounds. The findings from this study are not conclusive enough to claim that there are consistent trends showing a decrease or increase in the excretion of the compounds under examination. Thus, one cannot claim that the infants' exposure to those compounds decreases or increases as breast-feeding continues.

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Effect of Age and Number of Deliveries on Mean Concentration of Organochlorine Compounds in Human Breast Milk in Poland

Cited by 31 publications

References 12 publications

Predictors of Beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane blood levels among people living close to a chemical plant and an illegal dumping site

Predictors of Beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane blood levels among people living close to a chemical plant and an illegal dumping site

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Milk and Blood of Women from Anupgarh, Rajasthan, India

Effect of Changes in Excretion of Persistent Organochlorine Compounds with Human Breast Milk on Related Exposure of Breast-Fed Infants

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