Effect of age and maternal antibodies on the systemic and mucosal immune response after neonatal immunization in a porcine model

Abstract

Summary Newborn mammals are highly susceptible to respiratory infections. Although maternal antibodies (MatAb) offer them some protection, they may also interfere with their systemic immune response to vaccination. However, the impact of MatAb on the neonatal mucosal immune response remains incompletely described. This study was performed to determine the effect of ovalbumin (OVA) ‐specific MatAb on the anti‐OVA antibody response in sera, nasal secretions and saliva from specific pathogen‐free Vietnamese miniature piglets immunized at 7 or 14 days of age. Our results demonstrated that MatAb increased antigen‐specific IgA and IgG responses in sera, and transiently enhanced an early secretory IgA response in nasal secretions of piglets immunized at 7 days of age. In contrast, we detected a lower mucosal (nasal secretion and saliva) anti‐OVA IgG response in piglets with MatAb immunized at 14 days of age, compared with piglets with no MatAb, suggesting a modulatory effect of antigen‐specific maternal factors on the isotype transfer to the mucosal immune exclusion system. In our porcine model, we demonstrated that passive maternal immunity positively modulated the systemic and nasal immune responses of animals immunized early in life. Our results, therefore, open the possibility of inducing systemic and respiratory mucosal immunity in the presence of MatAb through early vaccination.

Nasal vaccination of young rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) against infectious hematopoietic necrosis and enteric red mouth disease

“…Nasal vaccination of young children as well as newborn mice, piglets, calves and chickens (Guzman-Bautista et al, 2014;Sandbulte et al, 2014;Sabirov and Metzger, 2008;Ellis et al, 2010;Lancaster et al, 1960) has been performed successfully. Interestingly, the power of diffuse NALT to induce effective immunity following nasal vaccination in the absence of organized NALT was unequivocally demonstrated in newborn mice whose organized NALT had been surgically removed (Sabirov and Metzger, 2008).…”

“…The use of this delivery route has been tested in small trout but age was not controlled in those studies. Nasal vaccination of young non-aquatic vertebrates such as piglets, newborn mice, calves and rabbits (Guzman-Bautista et al, 2014;Sandbulte et al, 2014;Sabirov and Metzger, 2008;Ellis et al, 2010;Lancaster et al, 1960) is feasible, effective and does not induce tolerance. In fact, the human nasal vaccine FluMist (LAIV) is recommended for use in young infants (6e59 months) since it prevents about 50% more cases than the injected flu vaccine (TIV) at this age (Carter and Curran, 2011).…”

Sow Vaccination with a Protein Fragment against Virulent Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis Modulates Immunity Traits in Their Offspring

“…In swine, maternal immunity is transferred to the litter via colostrum and progressively decreases with the age of the piglets, while the maturation of the immune system of the piglet is not yet complete [8,9]. Sow vaccination increases the level of colostrum antibodies and, subsequently, the period when maternal antibodies are maintained at a detectable level in their offspring [10,11]. For this reason, together with the short window available for piglet vaccination and their immature immune system, maternal immunization can be an option to prevent diseases early in life [12][13][14][15].…”

Induction of mucosal immunity against pathogens by using recombinant baculoviral vectors: Mechanisms, advantages, and limitations

“…74 In mucosae, technical difficulties in obtaining samples also exist, although standardized methods in our laboratory and by others are optimal. 3,4,75,76 Immunogenicity-the ability of an immunogen to elicit high titers of Abs and T cell proliferation or cytokine secretion-is just the first step on the long way to obtain an efficacious vaccine. 77 One side of the problem is that we still lack enough understanding of the types of immune responses that protect the host from specific pathogens.…”