Nasal vaccination of young rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) against infectious hematopoietic necrosis and enteric red mouth disease

Salinas, Irene; LaPatra, Scott E.; Erhardt, Erik B.

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2015.05.015

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the observation that despite the olfactory mucosa serving as a conduit for a number of viruses to enter the brain, infections in the CNS rarely occur [18]. However, previous work in our laboratory found vaccine-associated mortalities when nasal vaccination with IHNV was performed in very young trout (~2.3 g), indicating the possibility that such mechanisms are not fully functional in younger fish [19]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

An attenuated virus vaccine appears safe to the central nervous system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intranasal delivery

Larragoite

Tacchi

LaPatra³

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Nasal vaccines are very effective but the olfactory organ provides direct access of antigens to the brain. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is known to cause high mortalities in salmonids. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of a live attenuated IHNV nasal (I.N) vaccine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the olfactory organ, the vaccine was detected 1 and 4 days after primary I.N vaccination but not in the intramuscular (i.m) or control groups. In the brain, IHNV was detected by RT-qPCR 4 and 21 days after i.m primary vaccination. One i.m and one I.N vaccinated trout were positive at days 4 and 28 days post-boost, respectively. Presence of IHNV in the brain of i.m vaccinated fish correlated with moderate increases in IL-1β and TNF-α expression in this tissue. These results demonstrate that IHNV vaccine lasts for 4 days in the local nasal environment and that nasal vaccination appears to be safe to the CNS of rainbow trout.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

An attenuated virus vaccine appears safe to the central nervous system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intranasal delivery

Larragoite

Tacchi

LaPatra³

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Although intraperitoneal injection is themost effective vaccination route in providing protection, bath and oral immunization routes would seem as better options, since both vaccination strategies require less handling (implying less stress) and induce very few side effects to the vaccinated fish. Recently, a novel mucosal route of vaccination has been described successfully in rainbow trout, the nasal vaccination (LaPatra et al, 2015; Larragoite et al, 2016; Salinas et al, 2015). However, our knowledge regarding B cell mucosal immunity in response to vaccination is still very rudimentary, and thus, significantly more work is required in this area if we want to develop better oral, bath and nasal vaccine strategies that provide better degrees of protection and memory responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B cells and their role in the teleost gut

Parra

Korytář

Takizawa

et al. 2016

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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Mucosal surfaces are the main route of entry for pathogens in all living organisms. In the case of teleost fish, mucosal surfaces cover the vast majority of the animal. As these surfaces are in constant contact with the environment, fish are perpetually exposed to a vast number of pathogens. Despite the potential prevalence and variety of pathogens, mucosal surfaces are primarily populated by commensal non-pathogenic bacteria. Indeed, a fine balance between these two populations of microorganisms is crucial for animal survival. This equilibrium, controlled by the mucosal immune system, maintains homeostasis at mucosal tissues. Teleost fish possess a diffuse mucosa-associated immune system in the intestine, with B cells being one of the main responders. Immunoglobulins produced by these lymphocytes are a critical line of defense against pathogens and also prevent the entrance of commensal bacteria into the epithelium. In this review we will summarize recent literature regarding the role of B-lymphocytes and immunoglobulins in gut immunity in teleost fish, with specific focus on immunoglobulin isotypes and the microorganisms, pathogenic and non-pathogenic that interact with the immune system.

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“…Protection as strong as that conferred by a DNA vaccine was also conferred by an attenuated IHNV vaccine delivered by nasal immunization. However, the attenuated vaccine was virulent and caused a low rate of mortality in the vaccinated trout 39 . Therefore, the IHNV DNA vaccine was safer than the attenuated IHNV vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is only one IHN viral serotype 37 , mutations in the G gene can cause low virulence or produce neutralization-resistant variant IHNV strains 38 . Previous IHNV vaccines have been generated with genogroup M and U IHNV isolates 13, 37, 39 . The worldwide IPNV isolates consist of nine serotypes 33 , and IPNV vaccines have been developed with the Spanish IPNV strain Sp 5, 22, 24, 40 , the Norwegian strain NVI015 41 , and the American VR299 strain 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bivalent DNA vaccine induces significant immune responses against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in rainbow trout

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are important pathogens of salmon and trout. An active bivalent DNA vaccine was constructed with the glycoprotein gene of Chinese IHNV isolate Sn1203 and VP2–VP3 gene of Chinese IPNV isolate ChRtm213. Rainbow trout (5 g) were vaccinated by intramuscular injection with 1.0 µg of the bivalent DNA vaccine and then challenged with an intraperitoneal injection of IHNV, IPNV, or both, at 30 and 60 days post-vaccination (d.p.v.). High protection rates against IHNV were observed, with 6% and 10% cumulative mortality, respectively, compared with 90–94% in the mock-vaccinated groups. IPNV loads (531-fold and 135-fold, respectively) were significantly reduced in the anterior kidneys of the vaccinated trout. Significant protection against co-infection with IHNV and IPNV was observed, with cumulative mortality rates of 6.67% and 3.33%, respectively, compared with 50.0% and 43.3%, respectively, in the mock-vaccinated groups. No detectable infective IHNV or IPNV was recovered from vaccinated trout co-infected with IHNV and IPNV. The bivalent DNA vaccine increased the expression of Mx-1 and IFN-γ at 4, 7, and 15 d.p.v, and IgM at 21 d.p.v., and induced high titres (≥160) of IHNV and IPNV neutralizing antibodies at 30 and 60 d.p.v.

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Nasal vaccination of young rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) against infectious hematopoietic necrosis and enteric red mouth disease

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

An attenuated virus vaccine appears safe to the central nervous system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intranasal delivery

An attenuated virus vaccine appears safe to the central nervous system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intranasal delivery

B cells and their role in the teleost gut

Bivalent DNA vaccine induces significant immune responses against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in rainbow trout

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