Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on vascular function in heart failure

Abstract

Exercise training of a muscle group improves local vascular function in subjects with chronic heart failure (CHF). We studied forearm resistance vessel function in 12 patients with CHF in response to an 8-wk exercise program, which specifically excluded forearm exercise, using a crossover design. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured using strain-gauge plethysmography. Responses to three dose levels of intra-arterial acetylcholine were significantly augmented after exercise training when analyzed in terms of absolute flows (7.0 +/- 1.8 to 10.9 +/- 2.1 ml x 100 ml(-1) x min(-1) for the highest dose, P < 0.05 by ANOVA), forearm vascular resistance (21.5 +/- 5.0 to 15.3 +/- 3.9 ml x 100 ml forearm(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.01), or FBF ratios (P < 0.01, ANOVA). FBF ratio responses to sodium nitroprusside were also significantly increased after training (P < 0.05, ANOVA). Reactive hyperemic flow significantly increased in both upper limbs after training (27.9 +/- 2.7 to 33.5 +/- 3.1 ml x 100 ml(-1) x min(-1), infused limb; P < 0.05 by paired t-test). Exercise training improves endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular function and peak vasodilator capacity in patients with CHF. These effects on the vasculature are generalized, as they were evident in a vascular bed not directly involved in the exercise stimulus.

Six months of aerobic exercise does not improve microvascular function in type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…An improvement in conduit and resistance vessel endothelial function following exercise training has been demonstrated in adults with conditions commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as chronic heart failure [7,8], coronary artery disease [21,22], heart transplantation [23], hypertension [10,11], impaired glucose tolerance [13], type 1 diabetes [14] and type 2 diabetes [15]. However, studies that have investigated the effect of exercise training on microvascular function are more limited and the findings unequivocal.…”

“…These include individuals with chronic heart failure [7,8] coronary artery occlusion [9], hypertension [10,11], ageing [12], impaired glucose tolerance [13], type 1 diabetes [14] and type 2 diabetes [15], thereby supporting a role for regular exercise as a useful therapy for the reversal of endothelial dysfunction and the subsequent reduction in cardiovascular risk in these populations.…”

Balance, falls, and bone health: Role of exercise in reducing fracture risk after stroke

“…It is also noteworthy that a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs known as statins has been shown to induce bone formation in cell cultures and rodents [108][109][110], although the findings in humans are inconclusive [111][112]. Aerobic exercise has favorable effects on lipid profiles [113][114][115] and endothelial function [116][117][118]. Therefore, the gain in bone health could be partly attributable to improvement in cardiovascular function.…”

Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Endothelial Function in Patients With T2dm

“…One cannot forget to highlight that the improvement in vascular function is evident in every vasculature, even if exercise is only practiced in the inferior limbs, excluding the remaining of the body. So, it is evident that the effect of exercise training becomes widespread, and not restricted to the vascular bed of the musculature, as demonstrated by Köller et al 25 , Maiorana et al 27 and, Green et al 28 . One additional explanation for the improvement in endothelium dependent vasodilation could be the changes for the training of aerobic physical exercise in fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin 27,[29][30][31] , in the lipid concentrations in the blood, specifically the LDL cholesterol [32][33][34] .…”