Effect of additives on cadmium chemical vapor generation and reliable quantification of generation efficiency

Sagapova, Linda; Musil, Stanislav; Kodríková, Barbora; Svoboda, Milan; Kratzer, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2021.338601

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This enhancement factor was calculated as the ratio of the peak area sensitivity obtained with FI-PVG sample introduction to that arising from FI-PN during their concurrent operation; hence, both were measured under exactly the same plasma conditions. The nebulization efficiency was determined under optimal settings of the ICPMS (Table S1) using a modified waste collection method. ,,,, The overall PVG efficiency was also periodically estimated from the comparison of peak area sensitivities arising from FI introduction of a single Ru 3+ standard for PN and PVG, providing an immediate indication of the state of optimization of the PVG methodology; these values are given in the text without a corresponding SD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall PVG efficiency was determined according to our previously published procedure 20,38,39,46,47 and is the product of a sensitivity enhancement factor and absolute nebulization efficiency. This enhancement factor was calculated as the ratio of the peak area sensitivity obtained with FI-PVG sample introduction to that arising from FI-PN during their concurrent operation; hence, both were measured under exactly the same plasma conditions.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nebulization efficiency was determined under optimal settings of the ICPMS (Table S1) using a modified waste collection method. 20,38,39,46,47 The overall PVG efficiency was also periodically estimated from the comparison of peak area sensitivities arising from FI introduction of a single Ru 3+ standard for PN and PVG, providing an immediate indication of the state of optimization of the PVG methodology; these values are given in the text without a corresponding SD.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enhancement factor reached 3.54 ± 0.01. Considering a nebulization efficiency of 8.20 ± 0.02% determined using a modified waste collection method following a recently published procedure, 20,38,39,46,47 the overall PVG efficiency reached 29.0 ± 0.1%.…”

Section: Figures Of Meritmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasensitive Detection of Ruthenium by Coupling Cobalt and Cadmium Ion-Assisted Photochemical Vapor Generation to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

2021

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An extremely sensitive methodology for the determination of Ru was developed by coupling photochemical vapor generation (PVG) analyte introduction with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). PVG was undertaken with a thin-film flow-through photoreactor in a medium comprising 8 M formic acid in the presence of 10 mg L −1 Co 2+ and 25 mg L −1 Cd 2+ . The volatile product (presumably ruthenium pentacarbonyl) was generated in a flow injection mode, yielding an overall efficiency of 29% at a sample flow rate of 1.4 mL min −1 . The presence of both Co 2+ and Cd 2+ sensitizers enhanced PVG efficiency by 3,200-fold, permitting a 31 s irradiation time. Although enhanced efficiency (≈40%) could be obtained with increased Co 2+ concentration, this was not suitable for routine use due to co-generation of cobalt carbonyl. Excellent repeatability (<2.5%) and reproducibility (4%) were achieved for 200 ng L −1 Ru 3+ . Limits of detection ranged from 20 to 42 pg L −1 (10−21 fg absolute) depending on the measured isotope and operational mode of the ICPMS reaction/collision cell. Interferences from inorganic acids and their anions, several transition metals, and metalloids were investigated. Practical application of the methodology was demonstrated by the analysis of seven water samples of various matrix complexities (well water, spring water, contaminated water, and seawater).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figures Of Meritmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasensitive Detection of Ruthenium by Coupling Cobalt and Cadmium Ion-Assisted Photochemical Vapor Generation to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

2021

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“…Quantification of the efficiency of the CVG of REEs in the presence of ARS was implemented with two methods according to the literature. 16 First, the waste from the CVG system was collected; the REE content inside was then quantitated and compared to those in the original solutions, to deduce the analyte transported to the ICP. Second, the overall efficiency was calculated as the product of nebulization efficiency (ca.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor Generation of Rare-Earth Elements via Reaction with Tetrahydroborate: Chemical Identities and Mechanisms of Formation

et al. 2022

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This technical note reports for the first time the simultaneous vapor generation of 16 rare-earth elements (REEs) via reaction with sodium tetrahydroborate (THB). Significant improvement in REE vapor generation efficiency was discovered in the presence of arsenazo III (ARS). Subsequent to a critical evaluation on the impacts of various experimental variables, including the concentrations of acids, THB, and ARS, blank-limited (reagent contamination and impurity from ARS) detection limits (LODs) in the range of 0.004–0.15 μg L–1 were achieved based on three times the standard deviation of the method blank by the proposed vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The nature of released REE species was studied by various approaches and identified to be REE nanoparticles and REE-ARS chelates; a dual-route mechanism for the vapor generation of REEs was thereby proposed.

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UV-photochemical vapor generation of tellurium in a thin-film photoreactor with fast stripping of volatile compounds

et al. 2022

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Effect of additives on cadmium chemical vapor generation and reliable quantification of generation efficiency

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Ultrasensitive Detection of Ruthenium by Coupling Cobalt and Cadmium Ion-Assisted Photochemical Vapor Generation to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Ultrasensitive Detection of Ruthenium by Coupling Cobalt and Cadmium Ion-Assisted Photochemical Vapor Generation to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Vapor Generation of Rare-Earth Elements via Reaction with Tetrahydroborate: Chemical Identities and Mechanisms of Formation

UV-photochemical vapor generation of tellurium in a thin-film photoreactor with fast stripping of volatile compounds

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