Effect of Addition of Palm Oil Biodiesel in Waste Plastic Oil on Diesel Engine Performance, Emission, and Lubricity

Abstract

This research was aimed to examine the diesel engine’s performance and emission of secondary fuels (SFs), comprising waste plastic oil (WPO) and palm oil biodiesel (POB), and to analyze their tribological properties. Their compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Five SFs (10–50% POB in WPO) were prepared by mechanical stirring. The results were compared to blank WPO (WPO100) and Malaysian commercial diesel (B10). WPO90 showed the maximum brake power (BP) and brake torque (BT) among the SFs, and their values were 0.52 and 0.59% higher compared to B10, respectively. The increase in POB ratio (20–50%) showed a negligible difference in BP and BT. WPO70 showed the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption among the SFs. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased with POB composition. The maximum reductions in emission of hydrocarbon (HC, 37.21%) and carbon monoxide (CO, 27.10%) were achieved by WPO50 among the SFs. WPO90 showed the maximum reduction in CO 2 emission (6.78%). Increasing the POB composition reduced the CO emissions and increased the CO 2 emissions. All SFs showed a higher coefficient of friction (COF) than WPO100. WPO50 showed the minimal increase in COF of 2.45%. WPO90 showed the maximum reduction in wear scar diameter (WSD), by 10.34%, compared to B10. Among the secondary contaminated samples, SAE40-WPO90 showed the lowest COF, with 5.98% reduction compared to SAE40-WPO100. However, with increasing POB content in the secondary contaminated samples, the COF increased. The same trend was also observed in their WSD. Overall, WPO90 is the optimal SF with excellent potential for diesel engines.

Effect of plastic pyrolytic oil and waste cooking biodiesel on tribological properties of palm biodiesel–diesel fuel blends

“…However, PB has been observed to be prone to oxidation, which can have a negative impact on lubricity. In their study, Awang et al (2021) found that PB had the highest COF. The oxidation process converts the esters into fatty acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, caproic acid and others (Fazal et al , 2013).…”

“…They discovered that adding PPO to diesel lowered COF and WSD, with the least reductions of 17.62% and 19.92%, respectively, for 10% PPO in diesel. According to Awang et al (2021), polypropylene and polyethylene waste-based PPO had a lower WSD than B10 by 5.80%, although its COF was 5.44% higher. As a result, PPO could be a suitable component in PB-diesel blend to improve lubricity.…”

A Short Review on Catalyst, Feedstock, Modernised Process, Current State and Challenges on Biodiesel Production

“…Key benefits of biodiesel are that it is neither incendiary nor volatile; it has a lower toxicity, is biodegradable, and can be recycled [245]. The emission profile of biodiesel is positive for the environment, and it has superior combustion efficacy, cetane number, flash point, and lubrication than diesel synthesized from petroleum [7,[246][247][248].…”

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Effect of NO2 on n-Butanol/Biodiesel Dual-Fuel Combustion in a Compression Ignition Engine

“…The most widely investigated biomass fuels included alcohols (methanol, 22 ethanol, 23 and n -butanol 24 ), furans (2,5-dimethylfuran 25 and 2-methyl furan 26 ), and biodiesel. 27 Compared to methanol and ethanol, n -butanol has a greater energy density and hydrophobicity. Biodiesel has similar physical and chemical properties as diesel; therefore, it can be utilized in compression-ignition engines without modification.…”