Effect of adding fat and(or) milk products to the weanling pig diet on performance in the nursery and subsequent grow-finish stages

Abstract

Six experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of fat in diets containing a high level of milk products for weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 192 pigs (6.6 kg and 23 d) were used to determine whether milk products (0 or 40%) in the diet influenced the utilization of fat (0 or 10%). No fat x milk product interactions were found. Adding milk products to the diet improved (P < .01) ADG, ADFI, and gain/feed (G/F). Adding fat to the diet did not influence performance. In Exp. 2, 3, and 4, 576 pigs (6.0 kg and 20 d) were used to determine the influence of fat level on performance. Adding soybean oil (0, 3, 6, or 9%) to the diet from d 0 to 14 after weaning had no influence on growth performance. Increasing soybean oil (0, 2, 4, or 6%) in the diet from d 14 to 35 had no influence on ADG; however, G/F improved linearly (P < .001). In Exp. 5, 196 pigs (7.5 kg and 26 d) were used to determine the influence of fat source (soybean oil, corn oil, or tallow) on performance. Pig performance was not different among fat sources. In Exp. 6, 240 pigs (5.4 kg and 21 d) were used to determine the influence of fat and(or) milk product inclusion in the nursery diet on subsequent grow-finish performance. Adding milk products, but not fat, to the nursery diet improved (P < .08) overall performance to market weight. These results indicate adding fat to the diet from d 0 to 14 after weaning had no influence on performance. Adding fat to the diet from d 14 to 35 improved G/F; however, it did not improve ADG or overall performance to market. Diet composition during the nursery period can affect subsequent performance.

Effects of reducing dietary crude protein and metabolic energy in weaned piglets

“…Additionally, dietary adjustment was aimed at maximizing production performance without regard to nutrient oversupply, namely protein and amino acids (Lee et al, 2001). However, several studies found that energy levels in the diets did not affect growth performance in weaned piglets (Tokach et al, 1995;Smith et al, 1999). Digestibility of CP at the terminal ileum was from 60% to 80% in weaning pigs fed a diet based on triticale and wheat (Hogberg & Lindberg, 2004).…”

Dietas para Leitões nas Fases de Creche e Diferentes Idades ao Desmame

“…Em situação parecida, Mahan & Newton (1993) recomendaram inclusão entre 35 e 45% dos produtos lácteos. Neste estudo, os distintos resultados de desempenho foram semelhantes aos encontrados por Tokach et al (1995) nos primeiros 14 dias, quando determinaram os efeitos da adição de produtos lácteos (40%) em dietas para leitões desmamados aos 23 dias de idade.…”

“…Na tentativa de assegurar o desempenho satisfatório do leitão, minimizando os distúrbios digestivos do pós-desmame, vários autores têm estudado alternativas para melhorar as características das dietas fornecidas nos períodos afins, durante as fases de creche (Mahan & Newton, 1993;Mascarenhas et al, 1999;Trindade Neto et al, 1999).…”

“…Entretanto, os níveis dietéticos de produtos lácteos não devem ser inferiores a 25% (Lepine et al, 1991). Em outros estudos são relatados que níveis superiores a 25% de produtos lácteos em dietas para leitões após o desmame, nas fases de creche, propiciam melhorias no desempenho (Mahan & Newton, 1993;Trindade Neto et al, 1999) com reflexos positivos até a terminação (Tokach et al 1995). Associada à melhoria do valor biológico da dieta, o aumento da inclusão dos produtos lácteos pode favorecer a concentração dos nutrientes e a expressão do potencial genético do animal, constatado pelo acúmulo de massa corporal.…”

“…As dietas fornecidas nos períodos de creche podem ter efeito subseqüente no desempenho dos leitões, principalmente se estas contiverem grandes quantidades de produtos lácteos (Tokach et al, 1995;Trindade Neto et al, 1999).…”