Effect of Acute Increase in Blood Pressure on Intraocular Pressure in Pigs and Humans

Abstract

The pharmacological approach in animals and the study of isometric exercise in humans show that IOP rises significantly and rapidly with kinetics close to those of BP, and the two values are linearly related. The absence of variation in capnia and the greater increase in BP during squatting may explain the greater increase in IOP during this exercise compared to handgripping.

The Effect of Dynamic and Isometric Exercise on Refractive State, Accommodation and Intra-Ocular Pressure

“…While a significant change in IOP was observed during the course of isometric exercise, this change dissipated rapidly following completion. These findings are in line with previous studies that observed a significant increase in IOP during isometric exercise, which decreased back to baseline [22][23] or even below baseline within a minute following the exercise [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Movaffafhy et al [14] and Riva et al [15] observed that an increase in blood volume within the large choroidal vessels could explain the increase in IOP during squatting.…”

“…The effect of exercise on IOP has been well studied [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Although the majority of studies agree that dynamic exercise produces a decrease in IOP [8][9][10][11][12][13], no consensus was found for the effect of isometric exercise (i.e., static strength training where the joint angle and muscle length do not change during the contraction).…”

“…Although the majority of studies agree that dynamic exercise produces a decrease in IOP [8][9][10][11][12][13], no consensus was found for the effect of isometric exercise (i.e., static strength training where the joint angle and muscle length do not change during the contraction). Previous reports have observed either a significant increase [14][15][16][17][18][19], decrease [11,20] or no change in IOP [21][22][23][24] following isometric exercise. As noted earlier, increased IOP has also been associated with axial growth, with scleral creep possibly resulting from an inability to resist these intra-ocular forces.…”

INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN SOUTHERN ROCKHOPPER (EUDYPTES CHRYSOCOME) AND MACARONI PENGUINS (EUDYPTES CHRYSOLOPHUS): EVALUATION OF INFLUENCING FACTORS

“…Changes in systemic blood pressure have been shown to correlate with changes in IOP in humans and pigs. 10 Endocrinology studies in avian species have confirmed that, as in mammals, short-term stress in birds results in release of corticosterone and catecholamines from the adrenal gland. Of the many effects of these hormones, increase in systemic blood pressure is one of the most significant.…”

Continuous Response of Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow to Increase of Arterial Blood Pressure in Humans

“…27 This is a reproducible and noninvasive test of sympathetic function with a well-defined reflex pathway, 28 leading to an increase of muscle sympathetic nerve activity and plasma catecholamines. Isometrics also increase heart rate, cardiac output, left ventricular contractility, and systemic vascular resistance.…”