Effect of acute exercise on the levels of salivary cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide

Rahman, Zamzy A.; Abdullah, Norazharuddin Shah; Singh, Rabindarjeet; Sosroseno, Wihaskoro

doi:10.2334/josnusd.52.133

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…To our knowledge, only one study confirms the saliva stress markers and inflammatory cytokine using the same sample of subjects in acute exercise 4) .…”

Section: ⅰ．Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Effects of Acute Prolonged Strenuous Exercise on the Salivary Stress Markers and Inflammatory Cytokines

et al. 2011

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The aim of the present study was to examine whether amount of oral cortisol, immunoglobulin A (IgA), chromogranin A (CgA) and inflammatory cytokines, might be affected by prolonged strenuous exercise. Ten young male volunteers either exercised on recumbent ergometer at 75 % V 4 O 2 max for 60 min (exercise session) or sat quietly (resting session). Saliva samples were obtained at 60 min intervals during sessions for measurements of salivary stress markers (cortisol, IgA and CgA), salivary inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and osmolality. Saliva flow rate was decreased and saliva osmolality was increased during the 60-min exercise. Saliva cortisol and CgA concentrations and secretion rates were increased during and after the exercise, whereas saliva IgA concentration and secretion rates were decreased after the exercise. Salivary inflammatory cytokines was increased during and after the exercise. The present findings suggested a single bout of prolonged strenuous exercise caused a transient increase in the salivary cortisol, CgA and inflammatory cytokines levels, whereas salivary IgA concentration and secretion rates were decreased after the exercise. Further studies, however, are needed to delineate whether or not salivary stress markers and inflammatory cytokines may be used as biological markers to determine the host responses to acute prolonged strenuous exercise.(Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med., 60（ 3 ）: 295-304 (2011))

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“…To our knowledge, only one study confirms the saliva stress markers and inflammatory cytokine using the same sample of subjects in acute exercise 4) .…”

Section: ⅰ．Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Acute stress has been reported to increase the activity of the HPA axis with subsequent rise in salivary cortisol level 3,4) . Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) and chromogranin A (CgA) may be a sensitive and quantitative index of the activity of the SAM system 5,6) .…”

Section: ⅰ．Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Acute Prolonged Strenuous Exercise on the Salivary Stress Markers and Inflammatory Cytokines

et al. 2011

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“…Mitochondria of untrained muscles released sustained higher levels of reactive oxygen species, whereas progressive adaptation to exercise lowered the production of free radicals through abrogation of NFkB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway (Brookes et al 2008). Concurrently with the modulation of the antioxidant factors there is induction of other cytoprotective factors such as chaperones or heat shock proteins (HSPs), as well as the regulation of the nuclear kappa beta (NFkB) proliferating factor, increasing synthesis of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10, and decreasing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1, IL-6, and further reduction of inflammatory lineages of monocytes (CD14 + /CD16 + ) (Timmerman et al 2008;Czarkowska-Paczek et al 2009;Giraldo et al 2010;Rahman et al 2010;Ropelle et al 2010) in response to physical exertion. In this sense, it was observed that skeletal muscle activation of nitric oxide synthesis is dependent on heat shock protein-90 (HSP90) expression (Harris et al 2008).…”

Section: Regular Physical Exercise: Adaptation To Oxidative Stress Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise modulation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC): towards a molecular signature of healthy aging

Ferrari

2011

Frontiers in Life Science

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The objective of this article was to review the biochemical basis of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) test and its applications to exercise science and promotion of healthy aging. Measurement of TAC allows evaluation of the antioxidant content of muscle, heart and other exercise-target organs. Acute non-regular physical exercise and body exposition to higher altitude have been associated with a considerable decrease of blood TAC. However, regular practice of physical activity and exercise is associated with improved antioxidant response increasing TAC levels. TAC methodologies did not address lipophylic antioxidants and have some other limitations. However, TAC is useful as a complementary test for the evaluation of antiperoxidation assays and blood, erythrocyte and cytosolic antioxidant enzyme assays (glutathion reductase, glutathion peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase). Exercise induces both molecular antioxidant and hormetic responses which have been suggested to be linked with a healthy aging.

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“…[6][7][8] Previous studies have shown that acute and chronic exercise sessions elicited changes in the levels of hormones (such as cortisol and testosterone), immunological compounds (such as immunoglobulin A (IgA)) and cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)) in saliva from athletes. 9,10 While some studies 11,12 concluded that acute strenuous exercise causes reduced concentrations of salivary immune biomarkers and can be associated with a high incidence of upper respiratory tract infections, others 8,13,14 reported that moderate exercise enhances immune function. As-sessment of salivary immune biomarkers can indicate the effect of sports training on immune response and subsequently influence or indicate the risk of oral and respiratory infections in sportsmen and sportswomen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute exercise on salivary free insulin-like growth factor 1 and interleukin 10 in sportsmen

Lasisi

Adeniyi

2016

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Saliva analysis is rapidly developing as a tool for the assessment of biomarkers of sports training. It remains poorly understood whether a short bout of sport training can alter some salivary immune biomarkers. Aim: To investigate the effect of acute exercise using football training session on salivary flow rate, salivary free Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10). Methods: Saliva samples were collected before and immediately after a football session. Salivary flow rates, salivary levels of free IGF-1 and IL-10 (using ELISA) were determined. Data was analyzed and compared using Related Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank test (non-parametric test). Relationships between salivary flow rate and levels of free IGF-1 and IL-10 were determined using Spearman correlation test. Results: There were 22 male footballers with a mean age of 20.46 years. Salivary flow rate reduced significantly (p = 0.01) after the training session while salivary levels of free IGF-1 and IL-10 did not show any significant change. Also, there were no correlations between salivary flow rates and salivary levels of free IGF-1 and IL-10 before and after exercise. Conclusion: These findings suggest that acute exercise caused significant reduction in salivary flow rate but no change in the levels of salivary free IGF-1 and IL-10.

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Effect of acute exercise on the levels of salivary cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Acute Prolonged Strenuous Exercise on the Salivary Stress Markers and Inflammatory Cytokines

Effects of Acute Prolonged Strenuous Exercise on the Salivary Stress Markers and Inflammatory Cytokines

Exercise modulation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC): towards a molecular signature of healthy aging

Effects of acute exercise on salivary free insulin-like growth factor 1 and interleukin 10 in sportsmen

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