Effect Of Acrylamide On Development Of Cerebellum In Albino Rat

Abstract

Introduction: Acrylamide (ACR) is a neurotoxic material to animals and humans. Aim: To elucidate the possible structural changes that may occur in cerebellum of male albino rat offspring after oral administration of acrylamide to their pregnant and lactating mothers. Material and Methods: After mating, 54 pregnant female rats were divided equally into three groups. Group A: did not receive any treatment and group B: received 10mg\kg\day of acrylamide orally from day 7 (D7) of gestation until birth. While, group C received the same dose and route of acrylamide from D7 of gestation until postnatal day (PD) 21. The male pups of each group were divided into subgroups according to the PD of sacrifice; PD7, PD14, and PD21 respectively. Cerebellum specimens were processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, morphometeric and statistical studies. Results: With acrylamide treatment, the general observation revealed signals of neurological abnormalities. There were histopathological degenerative changes in the architecture of the cerebellum of all treated groups. These changes were greatly increased from group B to group C. Postnatally, pia mater detachment, cavitations, hemorrhage within folds and degenerated changes of all granular layers and Purkinje cells (PC) were observed. Statistically, a highly significant decrease in the thickness of external granular layer and number of normal PC was revealed in groups B and C when compared with group A. While area % of the bcl-2 immunoexpression showed a high significant increase. Conclusion: Acrylamide adversely affected the structure of the developing cerebellum of albino rat offspring exposed during gestation and lactation periods. The severity of these changes was increased with longer period of exposure. Further measures should be needed to minimize acrylamide formation in food.

Evaluation of the Postnatal Effects Induced by Diazinon on the Growth of the Mice Offspring and the Development of Their Cerebellar Cortex

“…A significant decrease in Purkinje cell number was recorded. This is consistent with Amin et al [2019] and Imam and Gadallah [2019], who explained that it might occur due to oxidative stress and free radicals formation. Meanwhile, Purkinje cells in group IIa (at birth) were displaced upward in the molecular layer and downward in the granular layer, which is described as multi-layer deposition of Purkinje cells.…”

“…Both findings were accompanied by large vacuolations, pericellular halos, and areas of degeneration. Similar findings were reported by Salman et al [2012] and Amin et al [2019]. They explained that this occurred due to the disintegration of cytoskeletal elements.…”

“…This appearance was accompanied by pyknotic nuclei of basket cells and shrunken stellate cells were detected. Previous studies revealed a comparable finding [Shona et al, 2018;Amin et al, 2019]. This was explained as a sign of cerebellar cortex degeneration and altered cytoarchitecture of neocortical neurons [Hanafy, 2019].…”

“…Cells Tissues Organs 2022;211:539-554 DOI: 10.1159/000518993 [2018], who detected them in the granular layer and explained that this finding might result from an increase in oxidative stress and free radicals. Abdel-Aziz et al [2019] and Amin et al [2019] reported a similar finding in Purkinje cells and explained it as an outcome of the failure of the energy-dependent Na+ K+ ion pumps due to induced lipid peroxidation. Zhang et al [2017] and Mohamed and Mohamed [2018] correlated the vacuolations to the degeneration of cell organelles due to oxidative stress, depletion of the antioxidants, and mitochondrial dysfunction.…”

“…Both findings were noticed in sections of group IIc (PD14) and they were described as a type of brain damage [Amin et al, 2019]. Allam et al [2011] mentioned that this type of brain damage is most probably caused by oxidative stress.…”