Effect of ACQ treatment on surface quality and bonding performance of four Malaysian hardwoods and cross laminated timber (CLT)

Adnan, Nur Amira; Tahir, Paridah Md.; Hamdan, Halimaton; Lee, Seng Hua; Uyup, Mohd Khairun Anwar; Arip, Mohamad Nasir Mat; Ashaari, Zaidon

doi:10.1007/s00107-020-01609-7

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For instance, Pang et al (2017) investigating the effect of incising on the resistance of ACQ concluded that the service life of ACQ treated wood be more than 50 years based on leaching test results. More recently, Adnan et al (2021) investigated the impact of ACQ treatment on surface quality and bonding performance of hardwood and CLT elements. The results showed that ACQ treatment does not affect block shear and strength of hardwoods and CLT samples.…”

Section: Copper Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments Studies on Wood Protection Research in Academia: A Review

Khademibami

Bobadilha

2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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The wood preservation industry has taken large leaps to develop and produce chemicals that protect wood from microorganisms and weathering degradation with no or low environmental impact. These improvements occurred after concerns of federal and public agencies about the release of toxic components into atmosphere, soil, and water. These days, reduction in use of non-renewable resources is a crucial concern. Wood and wood-based products are generally low in CO2 emissions and can be gained from sustainable forest resources. Therefore, they can play a significant role as renewable resources. In comparison to other building materials, wood has numerous advantages, such as suitable thermal insulation, high strength to weight ratio, easy machinability, and attractive esthetics. Wood as a valuable building and industrial material requires to be protected due to its biodegradable properties especially when it is submitted to harsh conditions. Wood durability can be improved through wood protection which include wood preservatives and modification systems. Wood protection should be safe to use, efficient, cost-effective, permanent, and should not corrode metal or degrade wood components. Numerous reviews of wood protection can be found in the scientific literatures, but until now a review of a combination of wood preservation and wood modification has not been studied. It should be considered that the latest research projects in wood protection in academia not always reflect the most current developments in the industry due to exclusive rights. The findings reported in academia contribute to the safe use of preservatives, advancement of wood modification techniques, as well as recycle and disposal of treated material. Therefore, in this study, the most current research and advancements promoted in the wood protection in academia are discussed which including an overall summary of the recent developments on wood preservatives, different types of preservatives, natural preservative compounds, and modification technologies in academia.

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Section: Copper Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments Studies on Wood Protection Research in Academia: A Review

Khademibami

Bobadilha

2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…However, there are important reports from Malaysia [22] and Brazil [23,24]. The properties of CLT panels of Falcataria moluccana, Anthocephalus macrophyllus, Acacia magnium, hybrid acacia (A. mangium × A. auriculiformis), Paraserianthes falcataria, Endospermum malaccensis, Hevea brasiliensis, Canarium sp., Intsia bijuga, plus several eucalyptus species, have been studied [22,[25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CLT Fabricated with Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis Wood from Fast-Growth Forest Plantations: Physical and Mechanical Properties

Mu駉z¹,

Moya²,

Moya³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

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Fabrication and use of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) using tropical woods is still limited at present. Therefore objective of the present study aims to determine the possibility of using CLT panels of 3 and 5 layers, fabricated with Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea wood using adhesive of isocyanate polymer emulsion system catalyzed with polymeric isocyanate. Delamination, water absorption, density, flexure test, compression and glue-line shear were evaluated using ANSI/APA PRG320-2012 ASTM D198 and ASTM D4761 standard. The results showed that CLT panels of T. grandis presented higher values of density, less water absorption and lower delamination, with no evident differences between the CLT of 3 and 5 layers. The high density of T. grandis resulted in higher values of the mechanical properties. The flatwise and edgewise flexure tests in 5-layer CLT panels of both species presented higher values of bending stiffness compared to those of 3-layer CLT panels. Further the bending stress values in 3-layer CLT panels were higher than for 5-layer CLT panels. As for shear stress in bending flatwise, in both species, 3-layer CLT surpassed 5-layer CLT panels, but in the edgewise test no differences were observed. The MOE and Fc in the compression test were superior in relation to the edgewise test. MOE and Fc in compression flatwise in 3-layer CLT was greater than in 5-layer CLT in both species, but edgewise these values were higher in 5-layer CLT panels. The most common failures were stress and delamination in the flexure test, whereas in the compression test these were: shearing, splitting and crushing. In the glue-line shear test no differences were observed between CLT panels of 3 and 5 layers for both species.

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“…Traditional vacuum pressure treatment is not possible for panels that are too large to t in currently available commercial wood treatment cylinders. Dip treating mass timber elements could result in limited penetration and retention levels because of the low surface area to volume ratios (Adnan et al, 2021;Bagheri et al, 2022). It may be possible to pre-treat the lamellae with preservatives (Lim et al, 2020), but this would require the redrying of the lumber and the generation of treated wood waste when the lamellae are planed before bonding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borate treatment of CLT Panels Using Vacuum: A Proof of Concept

Denavit

Lloyd²,

Kirker

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an increasingly popular wood-based alternative for large building applications. Preservatives are often applied to wood products to protect them from decay and extend their service life. However, CLT panels are typically not treated due in part to a perceived lack of efficient and effective methods for treating large panels and a lack of information on what impact treatment processes may have on the panels’ mechanical properties. We propose that treating CLT panels with borate solution, applied under vacuum in flexible bags, could provide a practical and effective option for providing preservative protection for interior applications. Samples were cut from commercially produced CLT panels and treated with borate solution using vacuum. The samples were then evaluated for preservative retention, swelling and degradation of mechanical properties. Initial treatments resulted in a wide range of preservative retentions and property impacts among the products tested. In subsequent ‘optimizations’, the treatment parameters were adjusted to provide consistent and sufficient retention amongst the products. The vacuum treatment method effectively penetrated cracks in the lumber and the bond lines. Swelling and impacts on mechanical properties were minimal in the optimized samples. In addition to these samples that were treated in a rigid pressure vessel, a larger sample was successfully treated in a flexible plastic bag. Data from this study supports the concept that vacuum treatment of CLT panels with borate can provide sufficient levels of preservative retention, can be adjusted to the material being treated and has minimal impacts on mechanical properties.

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Effect of ACQ treatment on surface quality and bonding performance of four Malaysian hardwoods and cross laminated timber (CLT)

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Recent Developments Studies on Wood Protection Research in Academia: A Review

Recent Developments Studies on Wood Protection Research in Academia: A Review

CLT Fabricated with Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis Wood from Fast-Growth Forest Plantations: Physical and Mechanical Properties

Borate treatment of CLT Panels Using Vacuum: A Proof of Concept

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