Effect of acidification with sulphuric acid on the volatilization of ammonia from cow and pig slurries

Stevens, Robert; Laughlin, R. J.; Frost, J. P.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600070106

Cited by 114 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The technologies applied in a specific country depends on several factors such as local policies, livestock numbers, population density, climate and amount of arable land in need of fertilization. Well-established methods in practical use include the acidification of manure slurry in livestock housing or in storage tanks before application to the field (Stevens et al 1989) and physical barriers, such as closed or covered storage tanks (Funk et al 2004;Scotford and Williams 2001). These methods rely on either physically trapping the formed NH 3 or converting volatile NH 3 to non-volatile NH 4 ?…”

Section: Established Technologies For Ammonia Emission Mitigation In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, acidification helps limit ammonia volatilization after the application of the manure slurry fertilizer to the field (Kai et al 2008;ten Hoeve et al 2016). Previous studies found a reduction in ammonia volatilization from the fields of up to 95% when the pH of the manure slurry was lowered to 5.5 with sulfuric acid (Stevens et al 1989). As an alternative to acidifying the manure slurry directly, chemical filters have been developed.…”

Section: Established Technologies For Ammonia Emission Mitigation In mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The molecular processes of urea hydrolysis in relation to ammonia emissions from agriculture

Sigurdarson

Svane

Karring

2018

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

237

129

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Ammonia emissions from the agricultural sector give rise to numerous environmental and societal concerns and represent an economic challenge in crop farming, causing a loss of fertilizer nitrogen. Ammonia emissions from agriculture originate from manure slurry (livestock housing, storage, and fertilization of fields) as well as urea-based mineral fertilizers. Consequently, political attention has been given to ammonia volatilization, and regulations of ammonia emissions have been implemented in several countries. The molecular cause of the emission is the enzyme urease, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbonic acid. Urease is present in many different organisms, encompassing bacteria, fungi, and plants. In agriculture, microorganisms found in animal fecal matter and soil are responsible for urea hydrolysis. One strategy to reduce ammonia emissions is the application of urease inhibitors as additives to urea-based synthetic fertilizers and manure slurry to block the formation of ammonia. However, treatment of the manure slurry with urease inhibitors is associated with increased livestock production costs and has not yet been commercialized. Thus, development of novel, environmentally friendly and cost-effective technologies for ammonia emission mitigation is important. This mini-review describes the challenges associated with the volatilization of ammonia in agriculture and provides an overview of the molecular processes of urea hydrolysis and ammonia emissions. Different technologies and strategies to reduce ammonia emissions are described with a special focus on the use of urease inhibitors. The mechanisms of action and efficiency of the most important urease inhibitors in relation to agriculture will be briefly discussed.

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Section: Established Technologies For Ammonia Emission Mitigation In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Established Technologies For Ammonia Emission Mitigation In mentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular processes of urea hydrolysis in relation to ammonia emissions from agriculture

Sigurdarson

Svane

Karring

2018

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

237

129

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“…Researchers have shown reduced NH 3 emissions when manure slurry pH was lowered (Husted et al 1991;Stevens et al 1989). Recently, a lignite coal extract (LC, SHAC ® Environmental Products Inc.) has been reported to reduce the release of odourous compounds from liquid lagoons when included in the diets of swine (Bundy and Zhu 1995;Zhu et al 1997a, b).The LC consists mainly of humic acids derived from soluble lignite coal that arise as a result of the decomposition of plant material.…”

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a lignite-coal extract on nutrient composition and gas emissions from cattle feedlot manure

Hao¹,

McAllister²,

Wang³

2007

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2007. Effect of a lignite-coal extract on nutrient composition and gas emissions from cattle feedlot manure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87: 281-290. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of a liquid lignite coal extract (LC; pH = 3.5) on gas emissions and the chemical composition of feedlot cattle manure. Eighty steers were randomly divided into four groups, penned individually, and fed a barley grain -barley silage diet sprayed with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 L of LC per tonne of dry matter. Manure samples (mixture of excreta and wood chips) were collected after 25, 53, 81, 109 and 150 d of including the LC in the diet. Inclusion of LC in the diet reduced both the pH and dissolved NH 3 + NH 4 + content of manure collected on days 25 and 53. Ammonia emissions were also significantly reduced on these occasions. In addition, butyric acid content was higher and isovaleric acid content lower in manure from cattle fed LC compared with manure from control cattle. Levels of nitrate, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetic, isobutyric, propionic, and capric acid in manure were not altered by the inclusion of LC in the diet. Greenhouse gas emissions (CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O) from manure were not affected by inclusion of LC in the diet. The lower manure pH, NH 3 + NH 4 + content and NH 3 emission at early sampling dates suggest that LC could play a role in reducing gaseous ammonia N emission to the atmosphere. Further studies are needed to determine whether the reduction in dissolved NH 3 + NH 4 + content in manure is due to an LC-mediated change in the amount of urea produced by the animals or to the inhibition of the hydrolysis of urea in manure. + et des émissions de NH 3 observée au début de l'expérience laisse croire que la lignite pourrait intervenir en diminuant les dégagements de N ammoniacal gazeux dans l'atmosphère. Il faudrait toutefois entreprendre d'autres recherches pour établir si la baisse de la concentration de NH 3 +NH 4 + dissous dans le fumier résulte d'une modification de la quantité d'urée produite par les animaux consécutivement à l'absorption de la lignite ou d'une inhibition de l'hydrolyse de l'urée dans le fumier. Mots clés:Bovins, parc d'élevage, urée, propriétés du fumier, teneur en acides gras volatils totaux, gaz à effet de serre, CH 4 , N 2 O, CO 2 , émissions, émissions d'ammoniacAs cattle feedlots continue to increase in size and density, so do the amounts of manure and odours associated with these industrial-scale operations. Manure, used for centuries as a fertilizer and soil conditioner, is now considered to be a pollutant and a liability in many places (Williams 1995). The general public has become increasingly concerned about the negative impact of large-scale feedlots on water and air quality and their implication for human health. These factors have driven the industry to seek new strategies to minimize nutrient flow and accumulation in the surrounding environment.

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“…Reduction of gaseous emissions from livestock manure has been shown to be possible, particularly with acidifying and adsorbent additives (Stevens et al 1989;Frost et al 1990), and the potential exists to develop practical and costeffective control technologies. For example, incorporation of bedding materials with manure has been proposed for reducing gaseous emissions (Mahimairaja et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of gaseous emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide from cow manure by use of natural materials

Luo

Kulasegarampillai

Bolan

et al. 2004

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Winter management practices involving the use of stand-off pads to reduce problems due to cows grazing on wet soils may require storage of cow manure for extended periods prior to field application. Gaseous losses of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) from stored cow manure can be considerable, and these gases are offensive and undesirable. Laboratory incubation studies were conducted to measure gaseous loss of ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) from stored cow manure under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The potential of adding a range of natural materials, including soil, untreated pine bark, sawdust and wood savings, to the manure to reduce these gaseous emissions was investigated. Aerobic incubation of manure resulted in a higher emission of NH 3 than anaerobic incubation, while anaerobic incubation resulted in higher emissions of H 2 S. The effectiveness of natural materials in reducing losses of NH 3 was investigated under anaerobic conditions, and pine bark was found to be the most effective. However, all materials reduced NH 3 to some degree. Therefore, the addition of natural materials, such as pine bark and soil, as amendments to cow manure during storage offers potential for reducing emissions of NH 3 and H 2 S.

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Effect of acidification with sulphuric acid on the volatilization of ammonia from cow and pig slurries

Cited by 114 publications

References 13 publications

The molecular processes of urea hydrolysis in relation to ammonia emissions from agriculture

The molecular processes of urea hydrolysis in relation to ammonia emissions from agriculture

Effect of a lignite-coal extract on nutrient composition and gas emissions from cattle feedlot manure

Control of gaseous emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide from cow manure by use of natural materials

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