Effect of acid catalysts on hydrothermal carbonization of Malaysian oil palm residues (leaves, fronds, and shells) for hydrochar production

Ameen, Mariam; Zamri, Nohanisah Mohammad; May, So Tsuk; Azizan, Mohammad Tazli; Aqsha, Aqsha; Nizamuddin, Sabzoi; Sher, Farooq

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-01201-2

Cited by 84 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Pakistan has faced energy shortages that have forced the closure of many factories. The amount of CO 2 emissions from the industry has also decreased, however, due to the growing trend of cars, there is an increasing trend in the amount of CO 2 emissions [11][12][13]. The CO 2 emissions in Pakistan were 132,805 ktons in 2005, which rose to 174,843 ktons in 2015 [14].…”

Section: 8x10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Potential of Tire Pyrolysis Oil Production as an Alternative Fuel in Developing Countries

et al. 2021

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Energy is essential for the nature of life and the development of countries. The main demand for the 21st century is to fulfill growing energy needs. Pakistan, through the use of fossil fuels, meets energy demands. There is pressure on the economy of the country due to the massive reliance on fossil fuels, and this tendency is influenced by various environmental impacts. To overcome the burden on fossil fuels, more attention has been drawn to provide fossil fuel substitution. Tire pyrolysis is among the effective substitutes of the fuel technology that generates useful products of liquid oil, char, and pyro gas. This research focuses on the environmental, social, and economic viability of tire pyrolysis oil in Pakistan. This study estimates the production and potential of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) in Pakistan. Based on the calculations, the potential of tire pyrolysis oil production in Pakistan from 2015–2019 is 468,081 to 548,406 tons. The potential production of TPO in 2018–2019 was ~8.30% of the total import (6.6 million tons) of crude oil. Therefore, tire pyrolysis oil is considered an alternative fuel representing an economic and environmentally viability solution for Pakistan.

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Section: 8x10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Potential of Tire Pyrolysis Oil Production as an Alternative Fuel in Developing Countries

et al. 2021

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“…However, this influence can be both positive and negative, depending on the process conditions (e.g., Figure 2). These techniques are getting increased attention as they are especially suitable for types of biomass with high moisture content [44][45][46][47][48][49]. In some of the cases, mixing of different fuels can be utilized effectively, e.g., co-firing of problematic biomass with sewage sludge [50,51] and peat [52].…”

Section: The Problem Of the Fire-side Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Diagnostic Methods for Fire-Side Corrosion Risk Assessment of Industrial Scale Boilers, Burning Low Quality Solid Biofuels—A Mini Review

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et al. 2021

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The use of low-emission combustion technologies in power boilers has contributed to a significant increase in the rate of high-temperature corrosion in boilers and increased risk of failure. The use of low quality biomass and waste, caused by the current policies pressing on the decarbonization of the energy generation sector, might exacerbate this problem. Additionally, all of the effects of the valorization techniques on the inorganic fraction of the solid fuel have become an additional uncertainty. As a result, fast and reliable corrosion diagnostic techniques are slowly becoming a necessity to maintain the security of the energy supply for the power grid. Non-destructive testing methods (NDT) are helpful in detecting these threats. The most important NDT methods, which can be used to assess the degree of corrosion of boiler tubes, detection of the tubes’ surface roughness and the internal structural defects, have been presented in the paper. The idea of the use of optical techniques in the initial diagnosis of boiler evaporators’ surface conditions has also been presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of hydroxyl groups decreases due to dehydration [44,46,47], subsequently causing a lower O/C ratio. Decreased amount of carboxyl and carbonyl groups, due to decarboxylation, also slightly decreases solid products' O/C ratio [44,46,47]. Intermediates become substrates of polymerisation, condensation and aromatisation [43,47,48], which are also instrumental in an aggregation of carbonaceous microspheres [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate—Evaluation of Performance

et al. 2021

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New regulations aimed at curbing the problem of eutrophication introduce limitations for traditional ways to use the by-product of anaerobic digestion—the digestate. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can be a viable way to valorise the digestate in an energy-efficient manner and at the same time maximise the synergy in terms of recovery of water, nutrients, followed by more efficient use of the remaining carbon. Additionally, hydrothermal treatment is a feasible way to recirculate recalcitrant process residues. Recirculation to anaerobic digestion enables recovery of a significant part of chemical energy lost in HTC by organics dissolved in the liquid effluent. Recirculating back to the HTC process can enhance nutrient recovery by making process water more acidic. However, such an effect of synergy can be exploited to its full extent only when viable separation techniques are applied to separate organic by-products of HTC and water. The results presented in this study show that using cascade membrane systems (microfiltration (MF) → ultrafiltration (UF) → nanofiltration (NF)), using polymeric membranes, can facilitate such separation. The best results were obtained by conducting sequential treatment of the liquid by-product of HTC in the following membrane sequence: MF 0.2 µm → UF PES 10 → NF NPO30P, which allowed reaching COD removal efficiency of almost 60%.

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Effect of acid catalysts on hydrothermal carbonization of Malaysian oil palm residues (leaves, fronds, and shells) for hydrochar production

Cited by 84 publications

References 54 publications

Current Status and Potential of Tire Pyrolysis Oil Production as an Alternative Fuel in Developing Countries

Current Status and Potential of Tire Pyrolysis Oil Production as an Alternative Fuel in Developing Countries

Non-Destructive Diagnostic Methods for Fire-Side Corrosion Risk Assessment of Industrial Scale Boilers, Burning Low Quality Solid Biofuels—A Mini Review

Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate—Evaluation of Performance

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