Effect of Abrupt Ration Change on Rumen Microorganisms and the Niacin and Vitamin B6 Content of Rumen Fluid and Milk

Nilson, K. M.; Owen, F.G.; Georgi, Carl E.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(67)87589-1

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Vitamin B 12 , which is known to be synthesized in nature only by microorganisms and under adequate supply of cobalt (McDowell 2000), was almost solely found in the bacterial fractions (average concentrations in LAB and SAB were 5000 times higher than in PFF). This value is similar to the estimation from Smith and Marston (1970), who reported that over 95% of vitamin B 12 from a sample representative of the whole rumen was associated to the bacterial fractions, whereas less than 4% was in the surrounding fluid.…”

Section: Study 2 Effects Of Forage To Concentrate Ratiosupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The conclusion that adequate ruminal synthesis is obtained under a variety of dietary conditions was also reached by authors looking at the effect of B-vitamin supplementation on ruminal parameters of sheep (Clifford et al 1967). However, other authors reported an important effect of the diet on ruminal vitamin concentrations (Hayes et al 1966;Nilson et al 1967;Girard et al 1994). In contrast, in most of those experiments, the forage:concentrate ratios compared were rather extreme as compared with those used in dairy production.…”

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confidence: 77%

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Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows

Santschi¹,

Chiquette²,

Berthiaume³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2005. Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 389-399. Two studies were undertaken to verify the effect of the forage to concentrate ratio of the diet on B-vitamin concentrations in ruminal contents. In Study 1, eight primiparous and eight multiparous cows were used in a cross-over design, and concentrations of biotin, folates and vitamin B 12 were determined in ruminal fluid and plasma of cows fed a high-forage (HF; 58:42 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) or a low-forage (LF; 37:63 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) diet. In Study 2, six ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a cross-over design to evaluate the effects of forage to concentrate ratio (HF = 60:40; LF = 40:60; DM basis) on concentrations of seven B-vitamins in the particle-free fluid and in both liquid-and solid-associated bacteria. Results showed that B-vitamins were present mainly in the bacterial fractions of the ruminal content, while only limited amounts were found in the surrounding fluid. A change in the forage to concentrate ratio had a greater effect on vitamin concentration in the bacteria associated with the solid fraction than in those present in the liquid portion of the rumen. The most noticeable effects of a low forage diet were an increase in riboflavin, but a decrease in true vitamin B 12 concentrations in solid-associated bacteria as well as a decrease in biotin concentration in particle-free fluid. In conclusion, it appears that ruminal B-vitamin concentration is altered by changes in the forage to concentrate ratio, which suggests that the supply of vitamins to dairy cows is influenced by diet composition. base matière sèche (MS)] ou basse en fourrage (LF; ratio fourrages:concentrés de 37:63; base MS). Dans l'étude 2, 6 vaches en lactation munies de canules ruminales ont été utilisées en chassé-croisé pour évaluer les effets du ratio fourrages:concentrés (HF = 60:40; LF = 40:60; base MS) sur les concentrations de 7 vitamines B dans le fluide sans particules et dans les bactéries associées aux phases liquide et solide. Les résultats démontrent que les vitamines B sont présentes principalement dans les fractions bactériennes du contenu ruminal, et que seulement des quantités limitées sont détectables dans le liquide environnant. Un changement dans le ratio fourrages:concentrés provoque un effet plus marqué sur la concentration des vitamines B dans les bactéries associées à la phase solide que dans celles présentes dans la portion liquide du contenu ruminal. Les effets les plus marqués des rations faibles en fourrages sont une augmentation des concentrations en riboflavine mais une diminution des concentrations en vitamine B 12 dans les bactéries associées à la phase solide ainsi qu'une diminution des concentrations en biotine dans le fluide ruminal sans particules. En conclusion, il semble que la concentration ruminale des vitamines B est altérée par des changements dans le ratio fourrages:concentrés, ce qui su...

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Section: Study 2 Effects Of Forage To Concentrate Ratiosupporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows

Santschi¹,

Chiquette²,

Berthiaume³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…NA decreased numerically and hence total niacin content was not affected. Earlier work showed an effect of the F:C ratio on ruminal niacin concentrations, which was highest in the all-concentrate ration ( 14 ) (data not shown). Thus, there is evidence that ruminal niacin concentrations and/or the concentrations of each vitamer are influenced by niacin supplementation and the F:C ratio.…”

Section: Rumenmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…But the effect of NFC might also reflect large differences in niacin intake (Table 2). In the above-mentioned studies where an effect of the F:C ratio on ruminal niacin concentrations was found ( 8 , 14 ) , duodenal niacin flow was not measured, therefore it was not possible to calculate apparent synthesis to compare these values.…”

Section: Rumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niacin for dairy cattle: a review

2008

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Due to the incorporation of niacin into the coenzymes NAD and NADP, niacin is of great importance for the metabolism of man and animals. Apart from niacin in feed and endogenous formation, microbial niacin synthesis in the rumen is an important source for dairy cows. But the amount synthesised seems to differ greatly, which might be influenced by the ration fed. Many studies revealed a positive impact of a niacin supplementation on rumen protozoa, but microbial protein synthesis or volatile fatty acid production in the rumen showed inconsistent reactions to supplemental niacin. The amount of niacin reaching the duodenum is usually higher when niacin is fed. However, not the whole quantity supplemented reaches the duodenum, indicating degradation or absorption before the duodenal cannula. Furthermore, supplementation of niacin did not always lead to a higher niacin concentration in blood. Effects on other blood parameters have been inconsistent, but might be more obvious when cows are in a tense metabolic situation, for example, ketosis or if high amounts are infused post-ruminally, since ruminal degradation appears to be substantial. The same is valid for milk parameters. In the few studies where blood niacin and milk parameters have been investigated, enhanced niacin concentrations in blood did not necessarily affect milk production or composition. These results are discussed in the present review, gaps of knowledge of niacin's mode of action on the metabolism of dairy cows are identified and directions for future research are suggested.

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“…Several studies showed that ruminal synthesis might vary when different feeding regimens were applied. Feeding diets containing high levels of concentrate increased the ruminal niacin concentration (Hayes et al, 1966;Nilson et al, 1967;Girard, 1994). Santschi et al (2005b) assumed that ruminal niacin supply depends on diet composition, and that there are indications that the metabolism of supplemental niacin is influenced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of niacin supplementation (40 weeks) and two dietary levels of concentrate on performance, blood and fatty acid profiles of dairy cattle

Rauls¹,

Meyer²,

Hüther³

et al. 2015

SA J. An. Sci.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of 24 g niacin (nicotinic acid (NA)) supplementation over 40 weeks with two forage-to-concentrate ratios (60% concentrate vs. 30% in the total diet) on performance variables of energy metabolism such as plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose and nicotinamide (NAM), and the fatty acid profile in rumen fluid. In a 2 x 2 factorial design, 64 German Holstein cows were divided postpartum into four dietary groups: i) 60% concentrate supplemented with 24 g NA (Group 60 + NA); ii) 60% concentrate without NA (Group 60−); iii) 30% concentrate with 24 g NA (Group 30 + NA) and iv) 30% concentrate without NA (Group 30−). The experiment started on the day of calving and continued for 40 weeks. Niacin supplementation did not affect milk yield or composition. The plasma niacin content increased in the supplemented groups, especially Group 30 + NA. Niacin supplementation led to decreased plasma glucose concentrations. The interaction of concentrate x niacin enhanced the molar proportion of propionic acid in rumen fluid in Group 60 + NA. Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were increased by level of concentrate, niacin supplementation and the interaction, concentrate x niacin. Plasma levels of NEFA and BHB remained unaffected. In sum, concentrate level, niacin supplementation and the interaction of concentrate x niacin increased plasma NAM concentration, whereas plasma glucose concentration was decreased by niacin supplementation. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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Effect of Abrupt Ration Change on Rumen Microorganisms and the Niacin and Vitamin B6 Content of Rumen Fluid and Milk

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows

Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows

Niacin for dairy cattle: a review

Effects of niacin supplementation (40 weeks) and two dietary levels of concentrate on performance, blood and fatty acid profiles of dairy cattle

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