Effect of a single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam on chronic indicators of pain and inflammatory responses in 2-month-old knife and band-castrated beef calves housed on pasture

Gellatly, D.; Marti, Sònia; Pajor, E. A.; Meléndez, Daniela M; Moya, Diego; Janzen, E. D.; Yang, Xiaohui; Milani, Mohammad Raza Marami; Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K. S.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104305

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Only one study(Meléndez et al, 2018b) investigated a cohort where all calves were below the UK legal age limit for castration without anaesthesia and found meloxicam administration reduced both physiological and behavioural pain signs. Three other studies used calf cohorts where some individuals may have been within the legal age limit(Gellatly et al, 2021;Marti et al, 2018;and Paull et al, 2015) (2 months, 2 months and 7-9 weeks old respectively) and found no improvement in pain indicators following NSAID administration, suggesting that calf age is not the most important factor in NSAID efficacy.The time at which NSAIDs are administered relative to castration is also likely to affect analgesic efficacy. 12 studies involved NSAID administration before castration and of these,four showed reduced physiological and behavioural indicators of pain and a further four resulted in improvements in either physiological or behavioural indicators.…”

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confidence: 99%

Does UK licensed NSAID administration reduce signs of postoperative pain in calves castrated without local anaesthesia?

Bartlett

2021

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PICO question In calves undergoing castration without local or general anaesthesia, do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) licensed for use in cattle in the UK administered either before, during or after the procedure reduce signs of postoperative pain? Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Twenty studies were critically appraised. All were controlled trials, of which 17 were randomised. Only NSAIDs licensed for use in cattle in the UK were included in the search strategy and in appraised papers Strength of evidence Moderate Outcomes reported Five studies reported an improvement in both physiological and behavioural indicators of postcastration pain following NSAID administration and a further eight reported improvements in either physiological or behavioural parameters. Seven studies found no improvements in pain indicators Conclusion There is moderate evidence to suggest that NSAID administration before, during or after castration is able to reduce the signs of postoperative pain in calves castrated without anaesthesia. The degree to which pain is reduced is variable and depends upon factors including but not limited to castration method, specific NSAID given, dosage, administration and calf age

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confidence: 99%

Does UK licensed NSAID administration reduce signs of postoperative pain in calves castrated without local anaesthesia?

Bartlett

2021

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“…The combined application of the TAF delivered directly onto the wound peri-operatively or immediately postoperatively, with or without oral or parenteral NSAIDs, was immediately recognised to have broader applications in livestock husbandry than mulesing. Numerous trials involving several routine aversive husbandry procedures have demonstrated the TAF to be safe and efficacious in managing pain and improving healing of acute surgical wounds incurred during: (i) surgical castration and tail docking of lambs; (ii) surgical castration and disbudding/dehorning of calves; and (iii) surgical castration of piglets [ 4 , 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The TAF has also been demonstrated to be effective in managing disorders with chronic wounds and lesions.…”

Section: Pain Relief For Livestock Husbandry Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meloxicam has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic properties, reducing inflammation and pain-associated behaviours in castrated cattle [ 29 ]. Meloxicam is preferred over other NSAIDs for its prolonged half-life that extends duration of action to up to 72 h. The localised pain relief occurs from inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, reducing synthesis of the pro-inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin, which intensifies pain sensation and augments inflammation [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. The use of TAF accompanied by intramuscular injections of an NSAID, administered by beef farmers under veterinary advice for disbudding and dehorning (with castration in males), appears to be rapidly increasing in northern Australian beef herd management [ 4 ].…”

Section: Pain Relief For Livestock Husbandry Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Topical Anaesthesia in Pain Management of Farm Animals, a Changing Paradigm

Windsor

2022

Animals

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Field evidence indicates that livestock producers are motivated by access to products that readily deliver pain management during husbandry interventions and, more recently, viral epidermal infectious diseases, including FMD. There has been impressive adoption in Australia of a farmer-applied spray-on topical anaesthetic wound formulation (TAF; Tri-Solfen®, Medical Ethics, Australia), initially for managing pain of the breech modification ‘mulesing’ procedure that reduces susceptibility of sheep to flystrike. Over 120 million lambs have now received pain relief and cattle producers have commenced using the TAF for a range of husbandry procedures. This product has demonstrated efficacy for surgical castration and tail docking of lambs, surgical castration and dehorning of calves, surgical castration of piglets, debridement of lesions of the hoof for lame cattle and, importantly, treatment of clinical FMD lesions, including decubitus ulcerations occurring from prolonged recumbency. Multimodal use of an NSAID for improved pain management is advocated, particularly meloxicam, available by prescription from veterinarians for injection and as an oral formulation (Ilium Buccalgesic®, Troy Laboratories, Australia), with current work assessing the potential for prolonged delivery in molasses blocks. Increased use of TAF with NSAIDs significantly reduces pain and suffering in livestock, with enhanced healing of FMD lesions, reduced viral loads from Orf infections in lambs and diminished necessity of ‘antibiotic cover’, assisting antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) stewardship.

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Pain Relief Interventions in Australian Livestock Husbandry: A Review of Animal Welfare and Pain Duration

Metcalf,

Lomax,

Van der Saag

et al. 2024

Animals

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In veterinary medicine and livestock production, ensuring good animal husbandry is vital for the physical and emotional wellbeing of animals under our care. Pain poses challenges for assessment and mitigation, especially in species unable to express pain overtly. This review examines current pain mitigation interventions in routine husbandry, focuses on the duration of pain after procedures and implications for animal welfare. Pain behaviours have been observed for days or weeks after regular husbandry procedures, and many studies have noted pain-related behaviour persisting until study finalisation, suggesting potential undocumented pain beyond study completion. Current products registered in Australia for pain mitigation in livestock primarily target immediate pain associated with procedures. The future of pain relief in livestock demands longer-acting solutions to address post-procedural pain adequately. Providing pain relief for at least 72 h post surgery is recommended, but current products require retreatment intervals to achieve this, posing practical challenges, especially in livestock. Methods of pain relief provision, such as voluntary consumption of medicated feed, transdermal medication delivery and long-acting formulations offer potential solutions for prolonged pain relief, with research ongoing in these areas. There is a need for further research and development of longer-acting pain relief to ensure optimal welfare of livestock.

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Effect of a single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam on chronic indicators of pain and inflammatory responses in 2-month-old knife and band-castrated beef calves housed on pasture

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Does UK licensed NSAID administration reduce signs of postoperative pain in calves castrated without local anaesthesia?

Does UK licensed NSAID administration reduce signs of postoperative pain in calves castrated without local anaesthesia?

Role of Topical Anaesthesia in Pain Management of Farm Animals, a Changing Paradigm

Pain Relief Interventions in Australian Livestock Husbandry: A Review of Animal Welfare and Pain Duration

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