Effect of a live attenuated vaccine against Lawsonia intracellularis in weaned and finishing pig settings in Finland

Peiponen, Kati Susanna; Tirkkonen, Birger Taneli; Junnila, Jouni; Heinonen, Mari

doi:10.1186/s13028-018-0374-8

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These observations suggest that oral vaccination not only can mitigate traditional measures of disease, such as reduction of lesions and shedding, but also can prevent some of the negative effects of pathogen challenge over microbiome composition, being a tool to protect this important community. The resulting microbiome could also be involved in reducing susceptibility to other pathogens, decreasing the shedding of L. intracellularis, decreasing PPE lesions, and improving production performance, which have been shown in studies evaluating this vaccine (8, [42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Oral Vaccination Reduces the Effects of Lawsonia intracellularis Challenge on the Swine Small and Large Intestine Microbiome

et al. 2021

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Porcine proliferative enteropathy remains one of the most prevalent diseases in swine herds worldwide. This disease is caused by Lawsonia intracellularis, an intracellular bacterial pathogen that primarily colonizes the ileum. In this study, we evaluated changes to the microbiome of the ileal mucosa, ileal digesta, cecal digesta, and feces subsequent to challenge with L. intracellularis and to an oral live vaccine against L. intracellularis. Given that gut homogenates have been used since 1931 to study this disease, we also characterized the microbial composition of a gut homogenate from swine infected with L. intracellularis that was used as challenge material. The L. intracellularis challenge led to a dysbiosis of the microbiome of both the small and large intestine marked by an increase of pathobionts including Collinsella, Campylobacter, Chlamydia, and Fusobacterium. This microbiome response could play a role in favoring L. intracellularis colonization and disease as well as potentially predisposing to other diseases. Vaccination altered both small and large intestine microbiome community structure and led to a significant 3.03 log10 reduction in the amount of L. intracellularis shed by the challenged pigs. Vaccination also led to a significant decrease in the abundance of Collinsella, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter among other microbial changes compared with non-vaccinated and challenged animals. These results indicate that L. intracellularis infection is associated with broad changes to microbiome composition in both the large and small intestine, many of which can be mitigated by vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Oral Vaccination Reduces the Effects of Lawsonia intracellularis Challenge on the Swine Small and Large Intestine Microbiome

et al. 2021

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“…Lawsonia intracellularis is a common organism ( Chang et al, 1997 ; Chiriboga et al, 1999 ; Stege et al, 2000 ; Jacobson et al, 2005 ; Biksi et al, 2007 ; Dors et al, 2015 ; Weber et al, 2015 ; USDA, 2016 ) affecting postweaning pigs. Vaccination for L. intracellularis in field trials has shown variable effects ranging from slightly increased mortality with vaccination to reduction of absolute mortality by up to 16% or a relative reduction of 91% ( Almond et al, 2006 ; Deitmer et al, 2011 ; Peiponen et al, 2018 ). Morbidity rates in cases of hemorrhagic enteropathy can range from 12% to 50%, and up to 50% of animals affected may result in mortality ( Lawson and Gebhart, 2000 ; Kroll et al, 2005 ), whereas chronic disease can result in mortality around 1% ( Lawson and Gebhart, 2000 ; Pejsak et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production II: review of infectious contributing factors

Gebhardt

Tokach

Dritz

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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Postweaning mortality is extremely complex with a multitude of noninfectious and infectious contributing factors. In the current review, our objective is to describe the current state of knowledge regarding infectious causes of postweaning mortality, focusing on estimates of frequency and magnitude of effect where available. While infectious mortality is often categorized by physiologic body system affected, we believe the complex multifactorial nature is better understood by an alternative stratification dependent on intervention type. This category method subjectively combines disease pathogenesis knowledge, epidemiology, and economic consequences. These intervention categories included depopulation of affected cohorts of animals, elimination protocols using knowledge of immunity and epidemiology, or less aggressive interventions. The most aggressive approach to control infectious etiologies is through herd depopulation and repopulation. Historically, these protocols were successful for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and swine dysentery among others. Additionally, this aggressive measure likely would be used to minimize disease spread if either a foreign animal disease was introduced or pseudorabies virus was reintroduced into domestic swine populations. Elimination practices have been successful for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and porcine deltacoronavirus, swine influenza virus, nondysentery Brachyspira spp., and others. Porcine circovirus type 2 can have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality; however, it is often adequately controlled through immunization. Many other infectious etiologies present in swine production have not elicited these aggressive control measures. This may be because less aggressive control measures, such as vaccination, management, and therapeutics, are effective, their impact on mortality or productivity is not great enough to warrant, or there is inadequate understanding to employ control procedures efficaciously and efficiently. Since there are many infectious agents and noninfectious contributors, emphasis should continue to be placed on those infectious agents with the greatest impact to minimize postweaning mortality.

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“…77) at vaccination. It is noticeable, that the average age at vaccination in three studies describing a positive effect of the vaccine [ 30 – 32 ] was 24.7 days (min. 21, max.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Lawsonia intracellularis positivity in quantitative PCR and herd factors in European pig herds

Arnold

Crienen²,

Swam³

et al. 2021

Porc Health Manag

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Background Lawsonia intracellularis is causing diarrhea, poor growth and sudden death in pigs. It can be found in most pig populations leading to large economic losses worldwide. Many potential risk factors for the occurrence of disease or seropositivity have been described. The current study therefore focused on herd characteristics in European countries associated with direct detection of the pathogen determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results A median number of less than 30 nursery pigs per pen was correlated to less positive nursery pigs (p < 0.01) and generally less samples positive per herd (p < 0.05) as well as a lower median of genome equivalents determined per herd (p < 0.05). Routine use of zinc oxide at/ around weaning, which was mentioned by 41.0% of all farmers, was correlated to higher number of positive nursery pigs (p < 0.01) as well as higher median genome equivalents determined per herd (p < 0.05). Slatted flooring of more than 78.0% of the surface in nursery units was correlated to lower number of positive animals (p < 0.05) and a lower median of genome equivalents per herd (p < 0.05). A weight of more than 7.8 kg at weaning was correlated to a higher number of positive growing pigs (p < 0.05) as well as general higher number of positive samples/ herd (p < 0.01). Conclusions Weaning and subsequent accommodation of nursery pigs seem to be of particular importance in prevention of infection with Lawsonia intracellularis and the spread of the pathogen within the herd.

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Effect of a live attenuated vaccine against Lawsonia intracellularis in weaned and finishing pig settings in Finland

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Oral Vaccination Reduces the Effects of Lawsonia intracellularis Challenge on the Swine Small and Large Intestine Microbiome

Oral Vaccination Reduces the Effects of Lawsonia intracellularis Challenge on the Swine Small and Large Intestine Microbiome

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production II: review of infectious contributing factors

Correlation of Lawsonia intracellularis positivity in quantitative PCR and herd factors in European pig herds

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