Effect of a herbal extract powder (YY-312) from Imperata cylindrica Beauvois, Citrus unshiu Markovich, and Evodia officinalis Dode on body fat mass in overweight adults: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial

Abstract

BackgroundYY-312 is a herbal extract powder from Imperata cylindrica Beauvois, Citrus unshiu Markovich, and Evodia officinalis Dode, which have health promoting effects, including body fat reduction. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YY-312 for body fat reduction in overweight adults.MethodsThis was a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial performed in overweight Korean adults aged 19–60 years with a body mass index of 25.0–29.9 kg/m2. The daily dose of YY-312 was 2400 mg (containing 1800 mg of active herbal extract and 600 mg of cyclodextrin). Primary outcomes were reductions in body fat mass (BFM) and body fat percentage (BF%) after 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included reductions in body weight and waist circumference (WC) after 12 weeks.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, BFM (1.6 kg vs. 0.1 kg; P = 0.023) and BF% (1.5% vs. -0.2%; P = 0.018) decreased significantly more in the YY-312 group than in the placebo group, as did body weight (2.7 kg vs. 1.0 kg; P = 0.014) and WC (2.2 cm vs. 0.8 cm; P = 0.049). All safety parameters were within normal limits; no serious adverse events occurred in either group.ConclusionsIn a 12-week clinical trial in overweight adults, YY-312 resulted in significantly greater reduction in body fat vs. placebo, while being safe and well tolerated.Trial registrationcris.nih.go.kr: (KCT0001225).

Causes and solutions to “globesity”: The new fa(s)t alarming global epidemic

“…−1 kg vs −2.7 kg); BFM (−1.6 kg), BF% (−1.5%) and WC were also significantly decreased Cho et al, 2017aCho et al, ,2017b NA-No data available for the body weight at the end of the treatment period.…”

“…However, the evidences that the green tea extracts are effective in reducing body weight in these recently published RCTs were mostly inconclusive (Dostal et al, 2016a(Dostal et al, , 2016bSamavat et al, 2016). Within the studied herbal preparations in the selected RTCs Aster spathulifolius extract (Cho et al, 2016) and a combination containing Imperata cylindrica Beauvois, Citrus unshiu Markovich, and Evodia officinalis Dode (Cho et al, 2017b) were the only exceptions that achieved weight reduction greater that 3% from initial weight within 12 weeks, but with very small number of participants included.…”

“…The extract stimulated also the fatty acid oxidation in an AMK-dependent manner. The increased phosphorylation of AMK and ACC lowered the concentration of malonyl-CoA, an endogenous inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-1 and the first enzyme in the β-oxidation of fatty acids (Cho et al, 2017a(Cho et al, ,2017b. These signaling pathways were studied during the treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with aqueous extract of Baccharis trimera (Less.)…”

“…The standardized extract of Cirsium setidens reduced the BW, adipose tissue weight and improved the serum lipid profile through down-regulation of the adipogenesis markers and up-regulation of the enzymes boosting the fatty acid oxidation. The activation of AMPK responsible for shifting the lipid synthesis to fatty acid oxidation was observed (Cho et al, 2017a(Cho et al, ,2017b. At low doses (100 mg/kg/day) the methanolic extract of Salvia officinalis had better beneficial effect on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, body weight gain and food intake compared to the high dose of 400 mg/kg/day.…”

Current Evidence to Propose Different Food Supplements for Weight Loss: A Comprehensive Review

“…Bitter orange extracts' efficacy in inducing weight loss has been shown in some clinical studies [147,148], and literature revisions including studies conducted on subjects who received products containing p-synephrine alone or in combination with other supplements concluded that the consumption of this dietary supplement is overall safe and may induce modest weight loss [149,150]. The most recent review, involving approximately 30 human studies and over 600 subjects, have confirmed that evidences supporting the anti-obesogenic role of bitter orange extracts are limited and uncertain, as they are often studied in combination with other molecules.…”