Effect of a Garlic Oil Preparation on Serum Lipoproteins and Cholesterol Metabolism

Berthold, Heiner K.; Sudhop, Thomas; Bergmann, Klaus von

doi:10.1001/jama.279.23.1900

Cited by 191 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This finding is in line with previous studies with healthy volunteers and patients with hypercholesterolemia using the identical continuous isotope feeding method with deuterium (16,24) or radioactive isotopes labeled markers (11,21). Repeated measurements of cholesterol absorption in the same individuals revealed constant absorption efficiency (16,24), confirming not only the reproducibility of the method, but also the intraindividual consistency of dietary cholesterol absorption. The reason for interindividual differences have never been defined, although it has been postulated that apoE could account for some of them (10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Efficiency of intestinal cholesterol absorption in humans is not related to apoE phenotype

Bergmann

Lütjohann

Lindenthal

et al. 2003

Journal of Lipid Research

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The present study investigated the role of apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype on intestinal cholesterol absorption and cholesterol synthesis. Studies were carried out in eight subjects homozygous for the apoE4 and 12 subjects homozygous for the E2 allele (six normocholesterolemic volunteers and six patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia). Cholesterol absorption did not differ between the three groups of subjects and averaged 38 ؎ 2% (mean ؎ SEM) in normolipemic E2/2, 37 ؎ 4% in type III hyperlipemic E2/2, and 41 ؎ 3% in E4/4 subjects, respectively. Dietary intake of fat and cholesterol had no influence on cholesterol absorption efficiency. A positive correlation between efficiency of cholesterol absorption and the ratio of campesterol to cholesterol in plasma, an indirect marker for cholesterol absorption, was observed after combining the results of the three groups ( r ‫؍‬ 0.504; P Ͻ 0.02). Bile acid and total cholesterol synthesis were also not affected by the different apoE alleles, but the well-known relationship between body weight and cholesterol synthesis was noticed ( r ‫؍‬ 0.574; P Ͻ 0.01). Thus, the present study provides evidence that the efficiency of intestinal absorption and synthesis of cholesterol in humans are not related to the apoE phenotype. -von Bergmann, K., D. Lütjohann, B. Lindenthal, and A. Steinmetz. Efficiency of intestinal cholesterol absorption in humans is not related to apoE phenotype. J. Lipid Res. 2003. 44: 193-197.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Dietary cholesterol absorption in humans shows a wide variation (10,16,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). The reasons for this have not yet been elucidated in detail, although apoE isoforms have been implicated for some of these differences (10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of intestinal cholesterol absorption in humans is not related to apoE phenotype

Bergmann

Lütjohann

Lindenthal

et al. 2003

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…Clinical reports, including meta-analyses, have described the hypocholesterolemic effect of garlic in humans (Silagy and Neil, 1994;Warshafsky et al, 1993). Some studies, however, suggested that commercial garlic oil, garlic powder and commercially available garlic extract may not be hypocholesterolemic (Berthold et al, 1998;Isaacsohn et al, 1998;McCrindle et al, 1998). Although the reason for this is unknown, it likely relates to preparation methods, the stability of chemical components and the duration of the study (Amagase et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Medicinal Herbs Including Garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em>) and Thyme (<em>Thymus vulgaris</em>) to Diet of Laying Hens and Evaluating Productive Performance and Egg Quality Characteristics

Ghasemi¹

2010

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Problem statement:In trying to finding phytogenic antibiotic-substitutes this study was done and effects of adding graded levels of Medicinal Herbs (MH) including garlic (Allium sativum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) to laying hens' diet on productive performance investigated. Approach: A total number of 108 Lohmann LSL-Lite hens after production peak were randomly divided in 18 cages (n = 6). Three iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous experimental diets (ME = 2720 Kcal Kg ) including three levels (0, 1 and 2 g kg) of ground mixture of garlic and thyme (1:1) were fed to hens with 6 replicates per diet during 6 week trial period. Collected data of Feed Intake (FI), Egg Production (EP), Egg Mass (EM) and calculated Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) as well as egg traits were analyzed based on completely randomized design using GLM procedure of SAS. Results: Dietary treatment did not have significant effect on EP, EM and FCR in laying hens (p>0.05). Dietary inclusion of MH decreased FI in weeks 1-6 (p≤0.05). Including diet with 0.1% MP improved means of egg weight (g) comparing to the other two experimental diets. Adding 0.2% MH to diet increased egg yolk color as well as blood lymphocyte counts and decreased egg shell weight comparing to other dietary treatments (p≤0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, dietary inclusion of garlic and thyme can have beneficial effects on performance of laying hens in terms of improving egg weight and yolk color.

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“…Horton et al (1991) reported that total serum cholesterol concentrations were not significantly affected by the supplementation of dietary garlic powder at different levels (0 and 1 g/kg) over a 35-d growth period. Some studies suggested that commercial garlic oil, garlic powder and commercially available garlic extract may not be hypocholesterolemic (Berthold et al, 1998;McCrindle et al, 1998). However, Chowdhury et al (2002) Qureshi et al (1983a) found in broilers on diets containing the equivalent of 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8% garlic paste, that serum cholesterol concentrations reduced by 18, 21, 24 and 25%, respectively.…”

Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of an antibiotic growth promoter and two herbal natural feed additives with and without exogenous enzymes in wheat based broiler diets

Sarica¹,

Çiftci²,

Demir³

et al. 2007

SA J. An. Sci.

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A study was conducted to compare the effects of an antibiotic growth promoter (flavomycin) and two herbal natural feed additives (garlic and thyme) with and without a xylanase-based enzyme complex in wheat-based diets on growth performance, carcass parameters, total plasma cholesterol concentration, intestinal traits and the dry matter content of excreta of broiler chickens. A total of 112 day-old male broiler chicks was randomly assigned to eight groups containing 14 chicks each and raised from 1 to 42 days of age. The control group received the wheat-soyabean meal basal diet. In the treatment groups the basal diet was supplemented with one of the following: an antibiotic, thyme, garlic, an enzyme, the antibiotic plus the enzyme, thyme plus the enzyme or garlic plus the enzyme. During the 42-d growth period there were no significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of the broilers between dietary treatments. Feeding the diet supplemented with the antibiotic plus the enzyme significantly increased hot and cold carcass yields compared to the diets supplemented with thyme, garlic, enzyme and garlic plus enzyme. Total plasma cholesterol concentration, the dry matter content of excreta and the relative weights of the heart, pancreas, liver, gizzard and spleen were not significantly influenced by dietary treatments. The relative weight of the small intestines of the broilers receiving the diets supplemented with the antibiotic, antibiotic plus enzyme, thyme plus enzyme and garlic plus enzyme were significantly less than those of the broilers fed the basal diet and the diets supplemented with thyme, garlic and enzyme. The basal diet and garlic supplemented diet significantly increased the length of the small intestine compared to the other dietary treatments. Broilers receiving the diet supplemented with antibiotic had significantly lower total aerobic bacterial counts in the small intestines compared to those on the other dietary treatments. The combined supplementation of the antibiotic and enzyme resulted in a significantly lower E. coli concentration in the small intestines compared to the basal diet and the other dietary treatments.

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Effect of a Garlic Oil Preparation on Serum Lipoproteins and Cholesterol Metabolism

Cited by 191 publications

References 20 publications

Efficiency of intestinal cholesterol absorption in humans is not related to apoE phenotype

Efficiency of intestinal cholesterol absorption in humans is not related to apoE phenotype

Adding Medicinal Herbs Including Garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em>) and Thyme (<em>Thymus vulgaris</em>) to Diet of Laying Hens and Evaluating Productive Performance and Egg Quality Characteristics

Use of an antibiotic growth promoter and two herbal natural feed additives with and without exogenous enzymes in wheat based broiler diets

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