Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the induction of tyrosinase in Coprinus macrorhizus.

Nyunoya, Hiroshi; Ishikawa, Tsuneo

doi:10.2323/jgam.26.229

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Phenol-oxidase activities have repeatedly been related to fruiting-body initiation and maturation in basidiomycetes, but the relevance of this is not clear (417,518). In C. cinereus, a phenol-oxidase (tyrosinase) is present in the mycelium without induction and another phenol-oxidase is specifically induced when fruiting is inhibited (372). A third enzyme, a laccase, is induced at fruiting-body initiation, and its level rises dramatically in activity during meiosis and spore formation and then decreases after spore maturation.…”

Section: Physiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of physiological effects on development have concentrated on fruiting-body formation (338). Fruiting-body initiation is inhibited by glucose and glucose analogues (302,372,476,484,485,493). cAMP production is glucose repressed (484,485,493), but addition of cAMP overcomes a block in hyphal knot formation (302), initial formation, and fruitingbody maturation (480,481,491).…”

Section: Physiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

432

336

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SUMMARY Coprinus cinereus has two main types of mycelia, the asexual monokaryon and the sexual dikaryon, formed by fusion of compatible monokaryons. Syngamy (plasmogamy) and karyogamy are spatially and temporally separated, which is typical for basidiomycetous fungi. This property of the dikaryon enables an easy exchange of nuclear partners in further dikaryotic-monokaryotic and dikaryotic-dikaryotic mycelial fusions. Fruiting bodies normally develop on the dikaryon, and the cytological process of fruiting-body development has been described in its principles. Within the specialized basidia, present within the gills of the fruiting bodies, karyogamy occurs in a synchronized manner. It is directly followed by meiosis and by the production of the meiotic basidiospores. The synchrony of karyogamy and meiosis has made the fungus a classical object to study meiotic cytology and recombination. Several genes involved in these processes have been identified. Both monokaryons and dikaryons can form multicellular resting bodies (sclerotia) and different types of mitotic spores, the small uninucleate aerial oidia, and, within submerged mycelium, the large thick-walled chlamydospores. The decision about whether a structure will be formed is made on the basis of environmental signals (light, temperature, humidity, and nutrients). Of the intrinsic factors that control development, the products of the two mating type loci are most important. Mutant complementation and PCR approaches identified further genes which possibly link the two mating-type pathways with each other and with nutritional regulation, for example with the cAMP signaling pathway. Among genes specifically expressed within the fruiting body are those for two galectins, β-galactoside binding lectins that probably act in hyphal aggregation. These genes serve as molecular markers to study development in wild-type and mutant strains. The isolation of genes for potential non-DNA methyltransferases, needed for tissue formation within the fruiting body, promises the discovery of new signaling pathways, possibly involving secondary fungal metabolites.

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Section: Physiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

432

336

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“…On the other hand, Nyunoya and Ishikawa (1980a) reported that the fruiting of Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff. : Fr) S.F.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyol metabolism in the mycelium and fruit-bodies during development of Flammulina velutipes

et al. 2000

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Changes of polyol contents in the mycelium and fruit-bodies of Flammulina velutipes were measured. The results suggested that arabinitol is accumulated in the fruit-bodies as the end-product after its translocation from the mycelium, while mannitol in the fruit-bodies is converted into fructose by the action of mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH). The development of fruit-bodies was promoted by feeding of mannitol to the mycelial colony. A 14C tracer experiment indicated that half of mannitol translocated from mycelium to fruit-bodies was utilized for fruit-body development. NAD-linked MDH and D-arabinitol dehydrogenase (D-ADH) were detected in both mycelium and fruit-bodies. The activities of MDH and ADH in the mycelium reached their maximum levels in the initial stage of fruit-body development and decreased thereafter. In contrast, the activity of MDH in the fruit-bodies showed a peak in the middle stage of development. The activity of ADH in the fruit-bodies was less than half of that of MDH. MDH showed a lower Km value for mannitol (1.3 x 10 -3 M) than for fructose (6.0 x 10 -2 M). The Km value of ADH for arabinitol was extremely high (1.3 x 10 -1 M).Key Words arabinitol dehydrogenase; Flammulina velutipes; fruit-body; mannitol; mannitol dehydrogenase.Mannitol and arabinitol are common components of polyols in the fruit-bodies of basidiomycetes (Lewis and Smith, 1967). Mannitol in Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach is produced from fructose by mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH) using NADPH as coenzyme (Ueng et al., 1976). Arabinitol arises via the reduction of either xylulose or ribulose with NAD-linked dehydrogenase (ADH) (Niederpruem et al., 1965). However, little is known about the physiological function of polyols in basidiomycetes. Mannitol and arabinitol might be the carbohydrates translocated directly into fruit-bodies from the mycelium in Flammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.) Sing.( Kitamoto and Gruen, 1976). It was assumed that these polyols might be utilized as the substrates of F. velutipes fruit-body development (Gruen and Wu, 1972). On the other hand, Rast (1965) has suggested that mannitol is not used as a reserve carbohydrate during normal growth of A. bisporus because it accumulates the polyol with age. However, these hypotheses are not based on experimental results. Here, we examined on the metabolic function of polyols in fruit-body development of an edible wood-rotting mushroom, F. velutipes. Materials and MethodsOrganism The strain used in this study was F. velutipes 721B1, which was the stock culture of the Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Tottori University. Culture conditionsLiquid medium contained, in 1 L, a decoction from 400 g of peeled, diced potato and 20 g of glucose. Twenty ml of liquid medium poured in a 100-ml Erlenmeyer flask was sterilized at 102~ twice for 30rain each time. Each flask was inoculated with a block of mycelium-agar (3 x 3 x 3 ram) cut from near the margin of a mycelial colony grown on a potato dextrose agar plate for 12d at 25~ in the dark. The experimental cultures were m...

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Aqueous plant extracts as stimulators of laccase production in liquid cultures of Lentinus edodes

1996

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Total and specific activities of extra-cellular laccases from Lentinus e&&s were enhanced by adding corn straw and chestnut juice to the liquid growth medium. The aqueous extracts were chemically characterized and revealed the presence of several phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. Extensive extraction of these components from the tested extracts completely annulled their stimulating properties on lactase production, suggesting that these compounds can act at micromole levels.

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Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the induction of tyrosinase in Coprinus macrorhizus.

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Polyol metabolism in the mycelium and fruit-bodies during development of Flammulina velutipes

Aqueous plant extracts as stimulators of laccase production in liquid cultures of Lentinus edodes

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