Effect and Management of acute dichlovos poisoning in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Dichlorvos; organophosphorus pesticide is among the most widely used pesticides for insect control. In Nigeria and most other developing countries it is used indiscriminately by people with little or no knowledge of its toxic effects as a household and agricultural insecticide. The acute effect and antidotal therapy of dichlorvos was studied in laboratory animals. The LD 50 in rats was determined to be 28.28 mg/kg i.p, with acute poisoning symptoms of micturation, restlessness, pupil constriction, respiratory distress and convulsion. Atropine was found to be the most effective antidote as it significantly (P < 0.05 -0.001) reduced all symptoms of poisoning and gave 100% survival rate. There was however no significant difference between the animals treated with atropine alone and those treated with combination of atropine and diazepam. The results also showed that diazepam significantly reduced symptoms like restlessness (P < 0.05), pupil constriction and convulsion (P < 0.001).

Preclinical study comparing the antidotal effect of clonidine with atropine for the treatment of acute malathion poisoning in the albino rats

“…This finding is consistent with those reported by Yurumez et al, and that of Chedi and Aliyu. 13,14 Though the centrally acting α2-adrenergic receptor agonists such as clonidine can reduce Ach synthesis and release in pre-synaptic junction and has a protective effect against the centrally acting AchE, but in our study the rats which received only clonidine has shown significant (p<0.05) improvement central effects only for straubs tail and whole body tremors compared to that of control and atropine with clonidine group. But our study results are similar with the study by Buccafusco and Aronstam 1986 that pre-treatment with clonidine protected against several of the centrally-mediated toxic effects of soman.…”

Residual Content of Persistent Insecticides in the Fresh Nuts of Cola Acuminata Cohac from Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano State and Implication for Public Health

“…Their detection was not surprising as they are commonly used as post harvest pesticides on kola nut in the study area. The presence of these pesticides residue in kola nut could be attributed to the inappropriate application such as over dosage of the said pesticides and indiscriminate acts to achieve set goals (Chedi et al 2010).…”

“…Improper use of pesticide may result in high Pesticide residue above the EUMRLs that will be hazardous to the consumer and lead to the emergence of resistant pest populations which would be insensitive to normal pesticide dosage (Chedi et al, 2010).…”

Impact of a Local Nigerian Rice Variety and Wheat on the Tolerance of Geographical Strains of &lt;i&gt;Sitophilus oryzae&lt;/i&gt; to Dichlorvos

“…To protect stored rice from pest infestation, farmers and post-harvest handlers in Nigeria rely heavily on the use of chemicals [8]. The organophosphate Dichlorvos (dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate-DDVP) is one of the commonest insecticides available for use in Nigeria [8][9][10][11]. Due to the low level of literacy among farmers and merchants handling pesticides in Nigeria, application at a rate higher than the manufacturer's specification is inevitable.…”