Efek samping terapi radiasi penderita kanker kepala dan leher pada kelenjar saliva

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal cancer has different malignancy types, based on its location. Themost frequent type of nasopharyngeal cancer is carcinoma of squamous cell whichhappens on cells inside nose, mouth, and throat. The rare types happened such assalivary gland tumor, lymphoma, and sarcoma. There are three main therapies totreat nasopharyngeal cancer; they are radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy.The main treatment is radiation therapy or surgery and chemotherapy or combinationboth of them. Chemotherapy is often conducted as an additional treatment.Combination treatment between those three treatments optimally can be used fornasopharyngeal cancer patient based on the location and disease stadium. Radiationtherapy on nasopharyngeal cancer can caused some side effects, such as mucositis,salivary gland dysfunction, taste sense dysfunction and malnutrition, tooth disorders,bone transforming, cutaneous transforming, nerve disorders, decreasing ofintellectual, lost of hearing sense, complication of malignant cancer caused byradiation, and intracranial bleeding.

Spiritual Needs of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients in Yogyakarta

“…Research shows that families rarely communicate with patients due to decreased hearing function, making it challenging to communicate with patients. This result is in line with research conducted by Yunus 17 that on patient post-treatment, head and neck cancer in the form of radiation therapy will decrease the patient's hearing, which will disrupt communication patterns both within the family and in the surrounding environment.…”

The Effectiveness Chewing gum versus Cryotherapy on Salivary Volume among Patient with Head and Neck Cancer undergoing Radiotherapy

“…Previous studies do not yet know the effectiveness of chewing gum versus cryotherapy to increase saliva volume which reduces because radiation rays. Saliva is a liquid produced from several glands, namely the parotid gland, which is the largest gland, then the submandibular gland which produces serus (thin saliva, low viscosity), and the smallest gland is the sublingual gland, which produces mucus (thick saliva, viscosity is higher) (Yunus, 2008). Saliva is very important because it contains antimicrobials such as lysozyme and secretes immunoglobulin A (Subramaniam & Muthukrishnan, 2019).…”