Efeitos da poluição atmosférica na saúde infantil em São José dos Campos, SP

Abstract

ObjectiveOf the effects of air pollution on children's health, increased pneumonia admission rate is one of the most important. The study aimed at estimating the association between pneumonia admissions and increased air pollutants. Methods An ecological time-series study was carried out in the municipality of São José dos Campos, Southeastern Brazil, in the years 2000 and 2001. Daily records of pneumonia admissions, air pollutants (SO 2 , O 3 , and PM 10 ) and weather conditions (temperature and humidity) were analyzed. The correlations between the study variables were estimated using Pearson's correlation. The associations between pneumonia and air pollutants were estimated using generalized additive Poisson regression models. The percentage increase (and their respective 95% CI) in pneumonia admission rate was estimated for the interquartile range of each air pollutant studied. ResultsThe three pollutants analyzed presented lagged effects on pneumonia admission rate, beginning at lag 3 or 4 and lasting for no more than two days. The 8-day cumulative effect estimate showed that an increase of 24.7 mg/m 3 in PM 10 concentration increased pneumonia admission rate in 9.8%. ConclusionsThe study corroborates that adverse health effects of air pollutants can be observed even in medium-sized cities. The magnitude of the effect was similar to that found in the city of São Paulo. Moreover, children are highly susceptible to air pollution exposure.

Air pollutants and hospital admission due to pneumonia in children: a time series analysis

“…in the day of exposure, but can also be noticed days later. Negrisoli et al 14 observed this association at Lag 4 in a study conducted in Sorocaba, SP, on hospitalizations due to pneumonia, and Nascimento et al 3 noted that the ef- fects of PM 10 on hospital admissions due to pneumonia in the city of São José dos Campos, SP, became relevant only three or four days after exposure. In a study by Cesar et al, 13 conducted in the municipality of Piracicaba, SP, the authors were able to observe that increments of 10 mg/m 3 in the level of inhalable fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) are associated with increases of 7.9 (Lag 1) and 8.6% (Lag 3) in hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases.…”

“…1,2 Air pollutants associated with these effects include nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm (PM 10 ). 3 Exposure to PM 10 is associated with increased morbidity due to local inflammation, injury by oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. 4 Particulate matter originating mainly from burning fossil fuels and biomass (such as burning of sugarcane straw), is associated with increased symptoms and respiratory disease, increased incidence of asthma and pneumonia, and infant mortality.…”

A systematic review of the physical and chemical characteristics of pollutants from biomass burning and combustion of fossil fuels and health effects in Brazil

“…Ninety articles (66%) deal with the adverse respiratory effects of air pollution of which 54 (60%) were selected 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,…”

Poluentes ambientais e chance de internações por asma em crianças - São José dos Campos, Brasil, nos anos 2004-2005

“…Studies have found that air pollutants, even at exposure levels below acceptable standards, can cause deleterious effects to human health 1 . It is known that the lungs are the main target of attack of air pollutants, among which the primary are particulate matter (PM 10 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ).…”