Efeito da aplicação do silício em plantas de Pinus taeda L., sobre a biologia e morfologia de Cinara atlantica (Wilson) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abstract

RESUMOObjetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de silício em parâmetros biológicos e na morfometria de C. atlantica. O bioensaio foi conduzido em sala climatizada com temperatura de 20ºC, 70% UR e fotofase de 12 horas, com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Fêmeas adultas obtidas após a última ecdise ninfal foram transferidas para as unidades experimentais (gaiolas de PVC) e, entre o 4º e 5º dia reprodutivo, a fêmea foi retirada e dentre os descendentes produzidos nesse período, um foi escolhido aleatoriamente para a condução do ensaio. Nos tratamentos com a aplicação de diferentes doses do ácido silícico, ocorreram prolongamento da fase ninfal e redução na performance biológica, afetando assim o ciclo biológico do pulgão. Em relação à capacidade reprodutiva do inseto, obtiveram-se, para os tratamentos com aplicação do ácido silícico, valores distintos da testemunha que apresentou número elevado de ninfas/fêmea. Em relação à morfometria, dentre os quinze caracteres avaliados, apenas a largura da cabeça e o comprimento total da antena de C. atlantica, que foram mantidos em plantas com aplicação de silício, diferiram estatisticamente da testemunha.Termos para indexação: Pínus, biologia, silício, pulgão-gigante-do-pinus. ABSTRACTThis research aimed to study the effect of silicon in biology and morphology of C. atlantica. The bioassay was carried out in environmental chamber (20ºC, 70% RH and 12 photophase) in a completely randomized design. Adult females were transferred to experimental units (PVC cages) after the last nymphal ecdysis and were removed from these sites between the 4 th and 5 th reproductive day. From this offspring, one specimen was randomly chosen to take part the experiment one observed an increase in nymphal phase and a decrease of aphid fitness in treatments with different levels of silicon. In relation to the reproductive capacity of the insect one gotten for the treatment with application the treatment with application silicic acid distinct values of the witness presented high number of nymphs/female. Fifteen characters were surveyed in the morphometry analysis, from which the width of the head and the total length and of antenna of C. atlantica were kept in plants with silicon application differed statistically from control.

Silicon application as an auxiliary method to control diamondback moth in cabbage plants

“…Gomes et al (2008) evaluated the control of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in potato with applications of silicon and imidacloprid and recommended silicon fertilization in IPM in potato. The use of silicon to induce plant resistance to pests was discussed by Camargo et al (2008), Epstein (2009), Reynolds et al (2009) and Kvedaras et al (2009). In the present work, Agrosilicon ® had lower efficiency than Sifol ® to control DBM.…”

“…Silicon applications induce plant resistance to insect pests by forming mechanical barriers on the outer cell wall of plants (Goussain et al, 2002;Costa & Moraes, 2006;Freitas et al, 2014), increasing the synthesis of phenolic compounds and lignin (Currie & Perry, 2007) and activating endogenous chemical defenses of attacked plants (Epstein, 2009;Kvedaras et al, 2009). The use of silicon in integrated pest management (IPM) have been reported with promising results to control several insect pests in crops of economic importance, such as Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize (Goussain et al, 2002), Eldana saccharina and Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sugarcane (Vilela et al, 2014), Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in sorghum (Costa & Moraes, 2006) and wheat (Costa et al, 2007), Cinara atlantica (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in pinus (Camargo et al, 2008), Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in potato (Assis et al, 2013), Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in soybean (Ferreira et al, 2011), Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato (Santos et al, 2012), and Chlosynela ciniasaundersii (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in sunflower (Assis et al, 2013) crops. Laboratory experiments with DBM on cabbage confirmed the effect of silicon on its feeding preference, mortality and on the anatomy of their mandibles, indicating its use as a complementary tool in IPM (Freitas et al, 2012).…”

Manejo de solos e a nutrição de plantas e sua relação com a ocorrência de pragas

“…O uso de adubação com silício tem apresentado efeito supressor ou indutor de resistência para pulgões (Moraes& Carvalho, 2002;Costa & Moraes, 2002;Gomes et al, 2005Gomes et al, , 2008Camargo et al, 2008;Costa et al, 2009). O ácido silícico promove a síntese de tanino (Silvaet al, 2010), e de lignina (Moraeset al, 2009), que atuam na inibição alimentar de insetos, e o silicato de cálcio promove o incremento de enzimas que atuam na síntese de compostos de defesa da planta (Gomes et al, 2005).…”

Silicon Mediated Induced Resistance in Plants for the Management of Agricultural Insect Pests: A Review

“…Detail of these studies is mentioned in Nombela et al, 2009)  = Positive impact of silicon on target insect pest; × = No impact of silicon on target insect pest Table 7: Silicon based induced resistance in vegetable crops for the management of insect pests. Camargo et al, 2008)  = Positive impact of silicon on target insect pest; × = No impact of silicon on target insect pest Table 9: Silicon based induced resistance in minor crops crop for the management of insect pests. CONCLUSION Different entomologist are busy to find out those pest management strategies which have no side effects on human as well as environment and are easily available to the farmers in cheap price.…”