EEG correlates of exercise dependency

Beh, Helen C.; Mathers, Sarah; Holden, John

doi:10.1016/0167-8760(96)00039-6

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similarly, data from the hyperthermia condition in the Nielsen, Hyldig, Bidstrup, Gonzalez-Alonzo, and Christoffersen (2001) study were not used. Also, the data from three groups in a study by Beh, Mathers, and Holden (1996) were collapsed because levels of exercise dependency were formed using scores from an unvalidated index.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain electrocortical activity during and after exercise: A quantitative synthesis

2004

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Investigators of brain electrocortical responses to exercise have interpreted increased activity, or frontal hemispheric asymmetry, in the alpha frequency band as indicative of relaxation or a change in affect. However, few studies compared alpha activity with other frequencies and within or across hemispheres. To clarify the cumulative evidence in this area, we provide a quantitative review of the effects of exercise on brain electrocortical activity according to frequency bands and recording sites. Fifty-eight effects from 18 studies and 282 participants were retrieved. The mean effect size was moderately large (0.54 SD, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.65) but heterogeneous. Compared to before exercise, alpha activity was greater immediately after and during exercise when expressed as absolute power but not as relative to power in other frequency bands; delta, theta, and beta activity also increased (0.38 to 0.75 SD). Effects did not differ significantly by recording sites. The cumulative evidence does not indicate that change in brain electrocortical activity after exercise is specific to alpha activity or hemispheric site.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain electrocortical activity during and after exercise: A quantitative synthesis

2004

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“…However, there is a clear gap in the literature because there are few studies in the psychophysiology literature examining the role of EEG in exercise-addicted individuals. And only one study (Beh et al, 1996) examined the relationship between EEG activity (an indicator of brain activity) and exercise addiction. In this study researchers found that the power distributions within the alpha band were different for exercise-addicted individuals compared to nonaddicted participants, which is indicative of chronic differences in cortical arousal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For any consideration of the affect regulation hypothesis, it is valuable to examine the similarities between drug addiction and exercise addiction in terms of affect regulation. Asymmetric frontal brain activity has been identified as a potential common mechanism because of its association with negative affect (Beh, Mathers, & Holden, 1996; Pargman & Baker, 1980; Wagemaker & Goldstein, 1980). The prefrontal cortex has been proposed as the central structure involved in emotional response patterns, which are organized primarily into either the approach or withdrawal system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Frontal Brain Asymmetry and Exercise Addiction

Gapin

Etnier

Tucker

2009

Journal of Psychophysiology

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Previous research on the causes of exercise addiction has focused primarily on the relationships among personality traits, social influences, and disordered eating ( Bamber, Cockerill, & Carroll, 2000 ; Beals, 2004 ). Few studies, however, have examined the psychophysiological nature of exercise addiction. In a related area of research in which brain activity has been related to affect and mood, results show that frontal asymmetry, as measured by electroencephalogram (EEG), is associated with negative emotions. More specifically, greater activity at right frontal electrode sites is found among individuals suffering from negative affect and depression. Because a defining feature of exercise addiction is the use of exercise to control negative mood states, it is expected that those with exercise addiction exhibit different frontal activity. This study explores the hypothesized relationship between exercise addiction and the level of baseline frontal activity asymmetry, as measured by EEG. Regularly active women (n = 28, M age = 32.43, SD = 10.89) were recruited to participate in the study. Exercise addiction status was determined by the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) ( Terry, Szabo, & Griffiths, 2004 ). After completing the EAI, each participant took part in an EEG session consisting of eight 1-min resting trials, four with eyes open, and four with eyes closed, presented in counterbalanced order. Electrodes were applied to the left and right frontal sites (F3 and F4). A regression analysis, predicting exercise addiction from frontal asymmetry, was significant, F(1, 27) = 6.4, p < .05, and indicated that greater relative left frontal activity with higher exercise addiction scores. There may be a link between frontal asymmetry, as an indicator of negative emotions, and exercise addiction in women.

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“…Since the present study was a preliminary effort at describing any effects of the specific ABS treatment on physical performance, EEG was not done in conjunction with the testing to determine a possible contributing mechanism. However, previous studies on exercise and EEG have shown changes during physical activity (Stock et al, 1996;Lardon and Polich, 1996) and in relation to exercise dependency (Beh et al, 1996). Absolute EEG power band is increased I saw myself in the forest with wolves, a pack of about 4-5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of sonic driving on maximal aerobic performance

Brilla

Hatcher

2000

Am. J. Hum. Biol.

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The study purpose was to evaluate antecedent binaural stimulation (ABS) on maximal aerobic physical performance. Twenty-two healthy, physically active subjects, 21-34 years, randomly received one of two preparations for each session: 15 min of quiet (BLANK) or percussive sonic driving at 200+ beats per minute (bpm) using a recorded compact disc (FSS, Mill Valley, CA) with headphones (ABS). Baseline HR, blood pressure (BP), and breathing frequency (f(br)) were obtained. During each condition, HR and f(br) were recorded at 3-min intervals. The graded maximal treadmill testing was administered immediately postpreparation session on separate days, with at least 48 h rest between sessions. There were significant differences in the antecedent period means between the two conditions, ABS (HR: 70.2 +/- 10.7 bpm; f(br): 18.5 +/- 3.3 br min(-1); BP: 134.5/87.9 +/- 13.6/9.2 mm Hg) and BLANK (HR: 64.6 +/- 7.9; f(br): 14.3 +/- 2.9; BP: 126.7/80.3 +/- 12.1/8.6). Differences were noted for each 3-min interval and pre- postantecedent period. The maximal graded exercise test (GXT) results showed that there was a small but significant (P < 0.05), increase in maximal VO(2) in the ABS (49.8 +/- 6.8 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)) vs. BLANK (46.7 +/- 8.7) conditions. Related to that finding was a slight increase (0.5 min) in time to exhaustion (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in HR or RPE (P > 0.05). There may be a latency to ABS related to entrainment or imagery-enhanced warm-up. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:558-565, 2000. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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EEG correlates of exercise dependency

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Brain electrocortical activity during and after exercise: A quantitative synthesis

Brain electrocortical activity during and after exercise: A quantitative synthesis

The Relationship Between Frontal Brain Asymmetry and Exercise Addiction

Effect of sonic driving on maximal aerobic performance

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