Edwardsiella, a new genus of Enterobacteriaceae based on a new species, E. tarda

Abstract

T h e a u t h o r s g i v e a f u l l d e s c r i p t i o n o f a n e w s p e c i e s a n d g e n u s t o b e i n c l u d e d i n t h e f a m i l y E n t e r o b a c t e r i a c e a e . T h e g e n e r i c n a m e E d w a r d s i e l l a ( E w i n g a n d M c W h o r t e r ) a n d t h e s p e c i e s n a m e E d w a r d s i e l l a t a r d a a r e s u g g e s t e d f o r u s e i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e b a ct e r i a d e s c r i b e d .The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of the biochemical reactions given by a group of cultures that have been collected and studied in these laboratories since e a r l y i n 1959, and to r e p o r t the r e s u l t s of p r e l i m i n a r y s e r ological investigations.A s e a r c h of the literature did not reveal a description of a microorganism that closely r esembled m e m b e r s of the new group, which i s r e f e r r e d to simply as "bacterium 1483-59,"The word "new" i s not used without reservation, since it seemed probable that the bacteria have been isolated in the past. F u r t h e r , we a r e informed by D r , R. Sakazaki, of the National Institute of Health, Tokyo, (personal communication, 1964) that he p r esented a paper entitled "The New Group of Enterobacteriaceae, the Asakusa Group" a t the 1962 meeting of the Japan Bacteriological Society and that a s u m m a r y of the presentation (Japanese text) was published (Sakazaki, 1962). Dr.Sakazaki v e r y kindly furnished the authors with a t r a n s lation of the above-mentioned a b s t r a c t . F r o m this it appeared that the majority of the cultures w e r e isolated f r o m snakes and that the s t r a i n s described were s i m i l a r to those reported herein, although t h e r e were a few differences in the biochemical reactions obtained (v. id.). Also King and Adler (1964)described the isolation of a culture of bacterium 1483-59, which they labe led the "Bartho Lomew group." Their

Immune response of red sea bream to Edwardsiella tarda antigens.

“…Edwardsiellosis in fish is caused by two species Edwardsiella tarda and E. ictaluri. Edwardsiella tarda, EWING and MCWHORTER, 1965, family Enterobacteriaceae, is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, mo tile, peritrichously flagellated,non-encapsulated, non-sporeforming rod, which has been reported at first as causative agent of fish disease in fresh water (HOSHINA, 1962;WAKABAYASHI and EGUSA, 1973;EGUSA, 1976;KOU, 1979;LIU, 1979). However, E. tarda has also been re ported in marine environment: from epizootic of mullets (KUSUDA et al, 1976), in an outbreak of disease in cultured crimson sea breams (KUSUDA et al, 1977), in cultured young flound er (NAKATSUGAWA, 1983) and in red sea breams (YASUNAGA et al, 1982).…”

Comparison of the Efficacy of Selected Bacterins against Edwardsiella Tarda in Immunized Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)

“…It is the causative agent of the systemic disease edwardsiellosis, which leads to extensive losses in many fresh water and marine water fish worldwide, including many commercially important fish, such as eel 3 , channel catfish 4 , mullet 5 , tilapia 6 chinook salmon 7 , olive flounder 8 and carp 9 . E. tarda is widely distributed in nature, having been isolated from reptiles, birds, mammals 10 including humans 11 and environmental water 12 and has been found in 14 countries and 39 states of the USA 13 . For the treatment and prevention of this infection, the use of biological control methods such as vaccination should be developed.…”

Biochemical and enzymatic characterization of Edwardsiella tarda from the United States and Taiwan.

“…In the ensuring years, investigators named this bacterium Paracolabactrum anguillimortiferum (HOSHINA, 1962), the Asakusa group (SAKAZAKI and MURATA, 1962), or the Bartholomew group (KING and ADLER, 1964). Amid the confusion, EWING et al (1965) described this genus-species naming it Edwardsiella tarda. This latter name has persisted in spite of continued controversy (FARMER et al, 1976;SAKAZAKI and TAMURA, 1975;SAKAZAKI and TAMURA, 1978).…”