In using this title I am not playing the faux-naif ; there are, I believe, very serious questions about the goodness (desirability, merits, value, worth) of education that have not been faced squarely, let alone answered. Of that at least I hope to persuade the reader. If there are reasons why education is a good thing it is not immediately clear what those reasons are. And I do not need to argue that the way in which we answer those questions, and the kind of reasons we may give for answering them positively, have considerable practical as well as theoretical importance.Amongst the multiplicity of causes which have prevented the questions from being seriously raised, two in particular stand out. The first is the simple fact that we tend to accept the desirability of largescale institutions and practices just because they are in force. But to see through this we have only to think of counter-examples: for instance astrology or alchemy, slavery or the subjection of women. It is a very striking fact that even so great a philosopher as Aristotle attempted no serious justification of slavery, though he displayed some unease about it ( Nichomachean Ethics VIII.x.4, xi.6 ff.): he accepted it as natural, part of the given order of the world. The danger of our thinking becoming culture-bound in this way is worth noting; but it does not need to be shown at length that there is no kind of argument from the existence of even universally-accepted institutions to their desirability.The second cause is slightly less obvious. Throughout the philosophy of education, from Plato to R.S. Peters and beyond, it has been assumed that education is a good thing, so that philosophers have spent most of their time in saying what kind of good thing it is or what form it ought to take: 'theories of education' have always been theories about something taken to be desirable. It has been, and still is, commonly believed either (1) that there is some tight logical connection between education and desirability, perhaps to be found in the actual meaning of 'education', 'educate', 'the educated man', etc., or (2) that at least there is some looser connection between various concepts or conceptions of education and desirability, in the