Educational Attainment and the Lesbian Wage Premium

Daneshvary, Nasser; Waddoups, C. Jeffrey; Wimmer, Bradley S.

doi:10.1007/s12122-007-9024-z

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The losses of heterosexual women associated with their situation within occupations are even greater (above 8% of the average wage of the benchmark economy), which means this group has a total earning loss of nearly 16%. These findings are consistent with the earning advantage of lesbian workers compared with straight women that has been shown in previous studies (Antecol et al 2008;Daneshvary et al 2008).…”

Section: Quantifying the Economic Consequences Of Segregationsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Table 6 also shows that all these findings remain when using well-being measures. Consequently, lesbian women fare better than straight women while gay men fare worse than their straight counterparts, which is in line with previous studies on sexual orientation wage gap (Allegretto and Arthur 2001;Black et al 2003;Blandford 2003;Daneshvary et al 2008;Klawitter 2015). 11 However our study allows us to quantify In any case, the lesbian wage advantage seems to strongly depend, though, on the indicator used for sexual orientation and also on how labor intensity and experience are accounted for, whether the analyses take into account that lesbian women previously married to men may have different experiences than other lesbian women (Daneshvary et al 2009), or even the household division of labor within same-sex female couples, with a "primary" earner and a "secondary" one (Schneebaum 2013).…”

Section: Propensity Score Proceduressupporting

confidence: 91%

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Occupational segregation by sexual orientation in the U.S.: exploring its economic effects on same-sex couples

Río

Alonso‐Villar

2018

Rev Econ Household

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This paper examines the importance of the occupational sorting of individuals in same-sex couples in explaining the economic position of lesbian women and gay men beyond controlling for occupation in the estimation of their respective wage gaps, as usually done in the literature. The analysis reveals that the distribution of partnered gay men across occupations brings them a monetary gain, with respect to the average wage of coupled workers, whereas the occupational sorting of partnered lesbian women only allows them to depart from the large losses that straight partnered women have. The results show that when controlling for educational achievements, immigration profile, racial composition, and age structure, the gain for gay men associated with their occupational sorting shrinks substantially. Moreover, the small gain that lesbian women derive from their distribution across occupations turns into an earning disadvantage when one controls for characteristics. This leaves them with a loss, with respect to the average wage of coupled workers, that is not too different from to the one partnered straight women have. It is their higher educational attainments and, to a lower extent, their lower immigration profile that protects workers in same-sex couples, revealing that gay men do not enjoy the privilege of straight partnered men and that lesbian women are not free from the mark of gender.

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Section: Quantifying the Economic Consequences Of Segregationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Propensity Score Proceduressupporting

confidence: 91%

Occupational segregation by sexual orientation in the U.S.: exploring its economic effects on same-sex couples

Río

Alonso‐Villar

2018

Rev Econ Household

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“…Prior studies using national data report higher educational attainment among LGB individuals (Berg and Lien 2002; Black et al 2000; Black et al 2003; Black et al 2007; Carpenter 2005; Daneshvary et al 2008; Elmslie and Tebaldi 2007). Although bivariate results suggest that this might be the case in our sample for men who report same-sex attraction only in adulthood, these findings did not hold in multivariate analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the 1990 Census, Black and colleagues (2000) found that among 25 to 34 year olds, approximately 43% of gay partnered men had at least a college degree compared to 24% of married heterosexual men, whereas 47% of lesbian partnered women had at least a college degree compared to 22% of married heterosexual women. Other studies on wage discrimination based on sexual orientation have also reported higher levels of educational attainment among sexual minority persons in bivariate analyses using a variety of population-based data sources (e.g., the General Social Survey, the Current Population Survey, and the California Health Interview Survey) (Berg and Lien 2002; Black et al 2003; Black, Sanders, and Taylor 2007; Carpenter 2005; Daneshvary, Waddoups, and Wimmer 2008; Elmslie and Tebaldi 2007). All of these studies, however, had limited external validity, as the samples were restricted to cohabitating partners, full-time workers, or both.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Educational Attainment by Life Course Sexual Attraction: Prevalence and Correlates in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults

Walsemann

Lindley

Gentile

et al. 2013

Popul Res Policy Rev

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Researchers know relatively little about the educational attainment of sexual minorities, despite the fact that educational attainment is consistently associated with a range of social, economic, and health outcomes. We examined whether sexual attraction in adolescence and early adulthood was associated with educational attainment in early adulthood among a nationally representative sample of US young adults. We analyzed Waves I and IV restricted data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n=14,111). Sexual orientation was assessed using self-reports of romantic attraction in Waves I (adolescence) and IV (adulthood). Multinomial regression models were estimated and all analyses were stratified by gender. Women attracted to the same-sex in adulthood only had lower educational attainment compared to women attracted only to the opposite-sex in adolescence and adulthood. Men attracted to the same-sex in adolescence only had lower educational attainment compared to men attracted only to the opposite-sex in adolescence and adulthood. Adolescent experiences and academic performance attenuated educational disparities among men and women. Adjustment for adolescent experiences also revealed a suppression effect; women attracted to the same-sex in adolescence and adulthood had lower predicted probabilities of having a high school diploma or less compared to women attracted only to the opposite-sex in adolescence and adulthood. Our findings challenge previous research documenting higher educational attainment among sexual minorities in the US. Additional population-based studies documenting the educational attainment of sexual minority adults are needed.

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“…3 Importantly, although there are evidences that lesbians earn more than heterosexual women in the US (Badgett, 2001;Berg and Lien, 2002;Jepsen, 2007;Daneshvary et al, 2008), in UK (Arabsheibani et al, 2005), and in the Netherlands (Plug and Berkhout, 2004) all correspondence tests suggest that lesbians face statistically significant hiring discrimination in Toronto (Adam, 1981), Austria (Weichselbaumer, 2003), Greece (Drydakis, 2011), and Sweden (Ahmed et al, 2012). Since, discriminatory treatments are assigned we can suggest that statistical discrimination against lesbians might be present at the initial stage of the hiring process.…”

Section: Different Forms Of Field Experiments Have Been Used To Test mentioning

confidence: 98%

Sexual orientation discrimination in the Cypriot labour market. Distastes or uncertainty?

Drydakis

2014

International Journal of Manpower

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu Sexual orientation and employment bias is examined in Cyprus (Republic of Cyprus: Nicosia, Limassol, Larnaca, Paphos) by implementing an experiment for the period 2010-2011. The design is aimed at answering three main questions: Do gay and lesbian people face occupational access constraints and entry wage bias than comparable heterosexuals? Do gay and lesbian people benefit from providing more job-related information? Does the differential treatment between gay/lesbian and heterosexual applicants disappear as the information of the applicants increases? Methodologically, we sent applications to advertised vacancies and we experimented with two information sets the 'sexual orientation' and 'information' of the potential applicants. The estimations suggest that gay and lesbian applicants face significant bias than heterosexual applicants. Moreover, both heterosexual and gay/lesbian applicants gain by providing more job-related information. However, the estimations suggest that the informational premium for sexual orientation minorities could not reduce the discriminatory patterns. The current results indicate that discrimination against sexual orientation minorities in the Cypriot labour market is a matter of preference, not the result of limited information. One strategy the Cypriot government may employ is to try to affect public opinion and people's attitudes towards sexual orientation minorities. This is the first nationwide field experiment in the Cypriot labour market and contributes to the literature as it is the first field study on sexual orientation which tries to disentangle statistical from taste-based discrimination in the labour market. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SJEL Classification: C93, J7, J82

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Educational Attainment and the Lesbian Wage Premium

Abstract: Wages, Lesbians, Heterosexuals, Education,

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Occupational segregation by sexual orientation in the U.S.: exploring its economic effects on same-sex couples

Occupational segregation by sexual orientation in the U.S.: exploring its economic effects on same-sex couples

Educational Attainment by Life Course Sexual Attraction: Prevalence and Correlates in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults

Sexual orientation discrimination in the Cypriot labour market. Distastes or uncertainty?

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