Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably in social epidemiology. Empirical evidence against a common practice

Geyer, Siegfried

doi:10.1136/jech.2005.041319

Cited by 531 publications

(455 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…One such result is that the health differences that emerge do not only exist between those with very high social status compared to those with very low status; the relationship is linear and positive, so that those with slightly higher social status have better health than those with slightly lower status (Adler et al, 1994;Lynch et al, 2000;Marmot, 2004;Wilkinson & Pickett, 2006). Another consistent finding is that social status has to do with access to resources in any form (Adler et al, 1994, Geyer et al, 2006 and the ability to feel a sense of control. It could be exercising control over material and economic factors (Lynch et al, 2000), over life situations (Marmot, 2004), or over a work situation (Geyer et al, 2006).…”

Section: Social Status and Its Consequencessupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Another consistent finding is that social status has to do with access to resources in any form (Adler et al, 1994, Geyer et al, 2006 and the ability to feel a sense of control. It could be exercising control over material and economic factors (Lynch et al, 2000), over life situations (Marmot, 2004), or over a work situation (Geyer et al, 2006).…”

Section: Social Status and Its Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 61%

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How Privatization and Corporatization Affect Healthcare Employees' Work Climate, Work Attitudes and Ill-health: Implications of Social Status

Falkenberg¹

2010

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Political liberalization and increased public costs have placed new demands on the Swedish public sector. Two ways of meeting these novel requirements have been to corporatize and privatize organizations. With these two organizational changes, however, comes a risk of increased insecurity and higher demands on employees; the ability to handle these changes is likely dependent on their social status within an organization. The general aim of the thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how corporatization and privatization might affect employees' work climate, work attitudes and ill-health. Special importance is placed on whether outcomes may differ depending on the employees' social status in the form of hierarchic level and gender. Questionnaire data from Swedish acute care hospitals were used in three empirical studies. Study I showed that physicians at corporatized and privatized hospitals reported more positive experiences of their work climate compared with physicians at a public administration hospital. Study II showed that privatization had more negative ramifications for a middle hierarchic level (i.e., registered nurses) who reported deterioration of work attitudes, while there were no major consequences for employees at high (physicians) or low (assistant nurses) hierarchic levels. Study III found that although the work situation for women and men physicians were somewhat comparable (i.e., the same occupation, the same organization), all of the differences that remained between the genders were to the detriment of women. The results of this thesis suggest that corporatizations and privatizations do not necessarily imply negative consequence for employees. However, the consequences appear to differ between groups with different social status. Employees whose immediate work situation is affected but who do not have sufficient resources to handle the requirements associated with an organizational change may perceive the most negative consequences.

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Section: Social Status and Its Consequencessupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Social Status and Its Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 61%

How Privatization and Corporatization Affect Healthcare Employees' Work Climate, Work Attitudes and Ill-health: Implications of Social Status

Falkenberg¹

2010

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…The subject might be more receptive to information in health matters, since this type of messages are often written in educated language making it possible for such individuals to more easily adapt to healthy behaviours. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that better education is also associated with both higher compliance [30] and commitment to medical treatment [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic factors and concomitant diseases are related to the risk for venous thromboembolism during long time follow-up

Isma

Merlo

Ohlsson

et al. 2012

J Thromb Thrombolysis

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Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Isma, N., Merlo, J., Ohlsson, H., Svensson, P., Lindblad, B., & Gottsäter, A. (2013). Socioeconomic factors and concomitant diseases are related to the risk for venous thromboembolism during long time follow-up. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, 36(1), 58-64. DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0858-8 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal The association between socioeconomic data and concomitant diseases at the baseline investigation 1990 and incidence of VTE during follow-up was examined by Cox proportional hazard modelsResults: During the 13 years prospective follow-up, 10212 women and 7922 men were diagnosed with VTE. In both genders, age above 40 years at baseline, low income, single status, and a lower level of education were associated with an increased risk of VTE.However, both men and women born outside of Sweden have a lower risk for VTE during follow-up,however. Conclusion:Age above 40 years, low income, single marital status, and lower level of education were independently related to an increased risk of VTE diagnosis during 13 years of prospective follow-up.

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“…A low-status job with a given exposure profile would be relatively better paid in a redistributive society than in other countries. As income has been found to have an independent effect on selfrated health (Geyer et al, 2006) (50), higher minimum wages may increase resilience to occupational exposures, particularly in lower status occupations¾ for example, by enabling low-end employees to secure better material living conditions (such as a car or a decent dwelling) and better opportunities to buy services (vacations, health services, practical help, etc.) and by improving the effort-reward balance through a comparably higher reward.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work, Health, and Welfare: The Association between Working Conditions, Welfare States, and Self-Reported General Health in Europe

Bambra¹,

Lunau²,

Wel³

et al. 2014

Int J Health Serv

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This article is the first to examine the association between self-reported general health and a wide range of working conditions at the European level and by type of welfare state regime. Data for 21,705 men and women ages 16 to 60 from 27 European countries were obtained from the 2010 European Working Conditions Survey. The influence of individual-level sociodemographic, physical, and psychosocial working conditions and of the organization of work were assessed in multilevel logistic regression analyses, with additional stratification by welfare state regime type (Anglo-Saxon, Bismarckian, Eastern European, Scandinavian, and Southern). At the European level, we found that "not good" general health was more likely to be reported by workers more exposed to hazardous working conditions. Most notably, tiring working positions, job strain, and temporary job contracts were strongly associated with a higher likelihood of reporting "not good" health. Analysis by welfare state regime found that only tiring or painful working conditions were consistently associated with worse self-reported health in all regimes. There was no evidence that the Scandinavian welfare regime protected against the adverse health effects of poor working conditions. The article concludes by examining the implications for comparative occupational health research.It is well established that work is an important social determinant of health and health inequalities (1, 2). Hazardous physical working conditions (e.g., ergonomic problems), stressful psychosocial work environments (e.g., high job demands and

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Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably in social epidemiology. Empirical evidence against a common practice

Abstract: Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably as indicators of a hypothetical latent social dimension. Although correlated, they measure different phenomena and tap into different causal mechanisms.

Cited by 531 publications

References 27 publications

How Privatization and Corporatization Affect Healthcare Employees' Work Climate, Work Attitudes and Ill-health: Implications of Social Status

How Privatization and Corporatization Affect Healthcare Employees' Work Climate, Work Attitudes and Ill-health: Implications of Social Status

Socioeconomic factors and concomitant diseases are related to the risk for venous thromboembolism during long time follow-up

Work, Health, and Welfare: The Association between Working Conditions, Welfare States, and Self-Reported General Health in Europe

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