Education and the empowerment of women in household decision‐making in <scp>S</scp>pain

Albert, Cecilia; Escardíbul, Josep‐Oriol

doi:10.1111/ijcs.12326

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Women who were are highly educated were more empowered, as education enhances empowerment through increased skills, self-confidence, and knowledge [ 16 , 17 ]. Education serves as an enabler of empowerment and an avenue to autonomy [ 18 ], improves employment opportunities, makes decision making within the household more equal [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], and lessens the likelihood of endorsing gender-based violence [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Participation in Household Decision Making and Justification of Wife Beating: A Secondary Data Analysis from Pakistan’s Demographic and Health Survey

Lassi

Alı̀

Meherali

2021

IJERPH

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Introduction: Globally, women’s empowerment is one of the important factors impacting the development of the nation. However, several women in developing countries, including Pakistan, experience a high level of gender discrimination and inequity. In this study, data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) were used to measure empowerment and its predictors among women in Pakistan. Methods: Pakistan’s 2017–2018 DHS dataset was used to measure women’s empowerment using two indicators, i.e., participation in decision making and views on wife beating among 4216 married women. The determinants of empowerment, such as age, place of residence, regions, wealth index, education, partner’s education, partner’s occupation, number of children, consanguinity, the age difference between husband and wife, house and land ownership, and house inheritance, are reported as prevalence ratios (PRs) with a 95% confidence intervals (CI). Multivariate regression models were used to produce covariate-adjusted PRs and 95% CIs. Results: More than half of all women were empowered (52.5%). Upon multivariate analysis, we identified that women from the province of Punjab (adjusted PR (aPR), 1.44; 95% CI, 1.20–1.73), Sindh (aPR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.35–1.96), and KPK (aPR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91–1.31) compared to those living in Baluchistan; from the richest quantile (aPR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.37–1.99), followed by the richer quantile (aPR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.28–1.84), the middle quantile (aPR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.28–1.81), and the poorer quantile (aPR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04–1.47) compared to women who were from the poorest quantile; who were highly educated (aPR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.25–1.67), followed by those who had a secondary education (aPR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16–1.50) and a primary education (aPR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02–1.35) compared to women who were not educated; and had exposure to mass media (aPR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06–1.36) compared to those who had no exposure were more empowered. Conclusion: To conclude, women’s empowerment in Pakistan is affected by various socioeconomic factors, as well as exposure to mass media. Targeted strategies are needed to improve access to education, employment, and poverty alleviation among women, particularly those living in rural areas. Various mass media advertisements should be practiced, targeting community norms and supporting women’s empowerment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Participation in Household Decision Making and Justification of Wife Beating: A Secondary Data Analysis from Pakistan’s Demographic and Health Survey

Lassi

Alı̀

Meherali

2021

IJERPH

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“…There is, however, some evidence that females play a crucial role in purchase decisions on major household appliances, e.g., Belch and Willis (2002) report that the change in family structure over the past decades have impacted the family decision making process and that female (spouses) have gained more influence in the household-decision making process. Moreover, Albert and Escardíbul (2017) find that education of both spouses have a positive effect on the decision process when both partners take joint household decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

A Model-based Clustering Approach for Analyzing Energy-related Financial Literacy and Its Determinants

Kumar

2019

SSRN Journal

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Recent research highlights the role of consumer's energy-related financial literacy in adoption of energy efficient household appliances in order to reduce the energy-efficiency gap within the household sector. The computation of an indicator for such a literacy measure has followed a somewhat less refined approach though. This paper demonstrates the use of a model-based clustering strategy in order to differentiate the population based on the level of energy-related financial literacy. Using a Swiss data with 6, 722 respondents, we are able to identify three latent groups that represent low, mid and high levels of literacy. We use this new measure within an ordered logit setting with the goal of explaining the determinants of the level of energy-related financial literacy and compare empirical results using classical indicators and approaches. The empirical findings suggest a significant gender-gap among the Swiss population, i.e. females, even those with university education, are less likely to possess a high level of energy-related financial literacy. Individuals who display strong concern for free-riding on their own energy reduction behavior, are also found to have higher odds of belonging to the low literacy group. The results show that it is possible to identify latent classes that have a general and intuitive meaning and provides support to the model-based clustering approach as a sophisticated alternative. This could be a useful approach when empirical researchers are interested in (attribute-based) latent groups of consumers. The identification of latent classes also provides a possibility to target consumers belonging to these classes with specific policy measures in order to increase their level of literacy.

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“…The study's ndings revealed that education of both spouses has a signi cant association with women's empowerment [42]. By the same token, higher levels of education for both spouses result in more egalitarian decision-making within the household [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Determinants of Women’s Empowerment in Pakistan: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys, 2012–13 and 2017–18

Abbas

Isaac

Zia

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Women’s empowerment has always remained a contested issue in the complex socio-demographic and cultural milieu of Pakistani society. Women are ranked lower than men on all vital human development indicators. Therefore, studying various determinants of women’s empowerment is urgently needed in the Pakistani context.Methods: The present study empirically operationalized the concept of women’s empowerment and investigated its determinants through representative secondary data taken from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys, 2012–13 and 2017–18. The study used simple binary logistic and multivariable regression analysis. Results: The results of the binary logistic regression highlighted that almost all of the selected demographic, economic, social, and access to information variables were significantly associated with women’s empowerment (p<0.05) in both PDHS datasets. In the multivariable regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratios highlighted that reproductive-age women in higher age groups, having children, with a higher level of education and wealth index, involved in skilled work, who were the head of household, and had access to information were reported to be more empowered. Conclusions: Women’s empowerment is determined by a number of social, economic, demographic, and other factors. The study proposes some evidence-based policy options to improve the status of women in Pakistan.

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Education and the empowerment of women in household decision‐making in Spain

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Women’s Participation in Household Decision Making and Justification of Wife Beating: A Secondary Data Analysis from Pakistan’s Demographic and Health Survey

Women’s Participation in Household Decision Making and Justification of Wife Beating: A Secondary Data Analysis from Pakistan’s Demographic and Health Survey

A Model-based Clustering Approach for Analyzing Energy-related Financial Literacy and Its Determinants

Determinants of Women’s Empowerment in Pakistan: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys, 2012–13 and 2017–18

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