Editorial

Leopold, Seth S.; Beadling, Lee; Dobbs, Matthew B.; Gebhardt, Mark C.; Lotke, Paul A.; Manner, Paul; Rimnac, Clare M.; Wongworawat, Montri D.

doi:10.1007/s11999-013-3397-5

Cited by 75 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Several journals [ 20 , 27 , 5 ] have used their editorial pages to announce the adoption of new policies or to promote the need for greater awareness of sex and gender issues. For example, the editors of Clinical Orthopaedic and Related Research published an editorial [ 5 ] recommending that researchers seeking publication in the journal use the following guidelines: (1) design studies that are sufficiently powered to answer research questions both for males and females if the health condition being studied occurs in all sexes and genders; (2) provide sex- and/or gender-specific data where relevant in all clinical, basic science and epidemiological studies; (3) analyse the influence (or association) of sex or gender on the results of the study, or indicate in the “ Methods ” section why such analyses were not performed, and consider this topic as a limitation to cover in the “ Discussion ” section and (4) if sex or gender analyses were performed post hoc, indicate that these analyses should be interpreted cautiously.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowatski and Grant [ 23 ] provided a rationale for gender-based analysis, which is designed to identify the sources and consequences of inequalities between women and men and to develop strategies to address them. The Clinical Orthopedics and Research journal published an editorial on gender and sex in scientific reporting in 2014, including a set of recommendations [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex and Gender Equity in Research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use

Heidari¹,

Babor

Castro

et al. 2016

Res Integr Peer Rev

1,084

897

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BackgroundSex and gender differences are often overlooked in research design, study implementation and scientific reporting, as well as in general science communication. This oversight limits the generalizability of research findings and their applicability to clinical practice, in particular for women but also for men. This article describes the rationale for an international set of guidelines to encourage a more systematic approach to the reporting of sex and gender in research across disciplines.MethodsA panel of 13 experts representing nine countries developed the guidelines through a series of teleconferences, conference presentations and a 2-day workshop. An internet survey of 716 journal editors, scientists and other members of the international publishing community was conducted as well as a literature search on sex and gender policies in scientific publishing.ResultsThe Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines are a comprehensive procedure for reporting of sex and gender information in study design, data analyses, results and interpretation of findings.ConclusionsThe SAGER guidelines are designed primarily to guide authors in preparing their manuscripts, but they are also useful for editors, as gatekeepers of science, to integrate assessment of sex and gender into all manuscripts as an integral part of the editorial process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Equity in Research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use

Heidari¹,

Babor

Castro

et al. 2016

Res Integr Peer Rev

1,084

897

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is a growing consensus that the results of clinical trials should be analyzed and reported for male/men and female/women subjects separately. 19,20,21 A Lancet panel 19 proposes, and we support, that publishers work with funders to offer clear guidance to editors and authors on reporting results by sex and/or gender in clinical trials. The guidelines include correct use of the terms sex and gender; reporting sex and gender, where appropriate, for study participants, animals, and cells; analyzing data by sex and gender or making the raw data accessible for analysis; and studying the influence of sex and gender on results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same: A Study to Evaluate Compliance With Inclusion and Assessment of Women and Minorities in Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2018

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“…Importantly, more work is needed to standardize the way sex and gender are reported in clinical research and adequate transparency needs to be demanded by editorial policies and regulators [ 98 , 99 , 100 ]. Ideally, demographics, disease characteristics, and all outcome data should be disaggregated by sex, gender, or both, and studies should be powered adequately [ 101 , 102 ]. Clinicians’ awareness of sex- and gender-informed decision-making must be raised through appropriate continuous medical education, and routinely be incorporated into clinical decision-making [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Related Differences in Drugs with Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Farkouh

Baumgärtel

Gottardi³

et al. 2021

JCM

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There is increasing evidence of sex differences in the action of anti-inflammatory drugs, with women being at significantly higher risk of adverse effects. Nevertheless, clinicians’ awareness of the implications of these sex differences on dosing and adverse event monitoring in routine practice is still in need of improvement. We reviewed the literature evaluating sex differences in terms of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-inflammatory drugs. The anti-thrombotic activity of selective and non-selective COX-inhibitors tends to be stronger in men than women. Side effect profiles differ with regards to gastro-intestinal, renal and hepatic complications. Glucocorticosteroids were found to be more effective in men; women were more sensitive to corticosteroids when their oestradiol levels were high, a finding important for women taking hormonal contraception. TNF-alpha inhibitors have a longer half-life in men, leading to stronger immunosuppression and this a higher incidence of infections as side effects. Although research on sex differences in the effectiveness and safety of drugs is increasing, findings are often anecdotal and controversial. There is no systematic sex-differentiated reporting from clinical trials, and women are often under-represented. As personalized medicine is gaining in importance, sex, and gender aspects need to become integral parts of future research and policy making.

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Editorial

Cited by 75 publications

References 4 publications

Sex and Gender Equity in Research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use

Sex and Gender Equity in Research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use

The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same: A Study to Evaluate Compliance With Inclusion and Assessment of Women and Minorities in Randomized Controlled Trials

Sex-Related Differences in Drugs with Anti-Inflammatory Properties

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