Sex-Related Differences in Drugs with Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Farkouh, André; Baumgärtel, Christoph; Gottardi, Roman; Hemetsberger, Margit; Czejka, Martin; Kautzky‐Willer, Alexandra

doi:10.3390/jcm10071441

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…A 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis reiterated similar findings and revealed no negative association between use of NSAIDS, including Ibuprofen, with SARS-CoV-2 infection or its outcomes ( 39 ). Ibuprofen has been known to have a better analgesic response in men while higher threshold and greater tolerance for electrically induced pain, responded significantly to ibuprofen in contrast to women ( 40 ). Nevertheless, the high use of this drug during COVID-19 can be linked to its efficacy in relieving fever, infection ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Medication Practices in Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Yasmin

Asghar

Naeem

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Background and ObjectivesDuring the pandemic, the growing influence of social media, accessibility of over-the-counter medications, and fear of contracting the virus may have led to self-medication practices among the general public. Medical students are prone to such practices due to relevant background knowledge, and access to drugs. This study was carried out to determine and analyze the prevalence of self-medication practices among medical students in Pakistan.Materials and MethodsThis descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted online in which the participants were asked about the general demographics, their self-medication practices and the reasons to use. All participants were currently enrolled in a medical college pursuing medical or pharmacy degree. Non-probability sampling technique was used to recruit participants.ResultsA total of 489 respondents were included in the final analysis. The response rate was 61%. Majority of the respondents were females and 18–20 years of age. Self-medication was quite prevalent in our study population with 406 out of 489 individuals (83.0%) were using any of the drugs since the start of pandemic. The most commonly utilized medications were Paracetamol (65.2%) and multivitamins (56.0%). The reasons reported for usage of these medications included cold/flu, or preventive measures for COVID-19. The common symptoms reported for self-medication included fever (67.9%), muscle pain (54.0%), fatigue (51.7%), sore throat (46.6%), and cough (44.4%). Paracetamol was the most commonly used drug for all symptoms. Female gender, being in 3rd year of medical studies, and individuals with good self-reported health were found more frequent users of self-medication practices.ConclusionOur study revealed common self-medication practices among medical and pharmacy students. It is a significant health issue especially during the pandemic times, with high consumption reported as a prevention or treating symptoms of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Medication Practices in Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Yasmin

Asghar

Naeem

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“… 23 24 Additional sex-specific differences in platelet function and neutrophil responsiveness have been suggested. 25 26 These findings indicate that there may be sex-related differences in inflammation-mediated thrombosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“… 24 Young females have more mature and responsive blood neutrophils and an elevated capacity of NET formation. 25 Moreover, female patients show a more pronounced formation of leukocyte-platelet aggregates and increased protease-activated receptor-1 mediated platelet reactivity. 39 Increased plasma level of MCP-1 in the female mice of the IL-17A group in this study supports that inflammation-mediated thrombosis might be more prominent in female mice than in male mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Interleukin-17A on the Early Stages of Arterial Thrombosis in Mice

et al. 2022

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Purpose Interleukin (IL)-17A has been suggested to play a role in the growth and organization of thrombi. We examined whether IL-17A plays a role in the early stages of thrombosis and whether there are sex differences in the effects of IL-17A. Materials and Methods We performed a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study to compare time to thrombotic occlusion and sex differences therein between mice treated with IL-17A and those treated with saline using a ferric chloride-induced model. We also assessed thrombus histology, blood coagulation, and plasma levels of coagulation factors. Results Time to occlusion values did not differ between the IL-17A group and the control group (94.6±86.9 sec vs. 121.0±84.4 sec, p =0.238). However, it was significantly shorter in the IL-17A group of female mice (74.6±57.2 sec vs. 130.0±76.2 sec, p =0.032). In rotational thromboelastometry, the IL-17A group exhibited increased maximum clot firmness (71.3±4.5 mm vs. 66.7±4.7 mm, p =0.038) and greater amplitude at 30 min (69.7±5.2 mm vs. 64.5±5.3 mm, p =0.040) than the control group. In Western blotting, the IL-17A group showed higher levels of coagulation factor XIII (2.2±1.5 vs. 1.0±0.9, p =0.008), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (1.6±0.6 vs. 1.0±0.4, p =0.023), and tissue factor (1.5±0.6 vs. 1.0±0.5, p =0.003). Conclusion IL-17A plays a role in the initial st ages of arterial thrombosis in mice. Coagulation factors and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 may be associated with IL-17A-mediated thrombosis.

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“…This over-the-counter medication is more effective in males than females, even though no pharmacokinetic differences between the sexes have been identified (14). However, pain receptors and nociception differences connected to estrogen activity in the nervous system might cause this variation in drug response (15). Even though several examples of sex-bias drug responses exist, most drug repurposing methods do not consider sex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations and Challenges for Sex-Aware Drug Repurposing

Fisher¹,

Jones²,

Flanary³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Sex differences are essential factors in disease etiology and manifestation in many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration (1). The biological influence of sex differences (including genomic, epigenetic, hormonal, immunological, and metabolic differences between males and females) and the lack of biomedical studies considering sex differences in their study design has led to several policies. For example, the National Institute of Health’s (NIH) sex as a biological variable (SABV) and Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER)) policies to motivate researchers to consider sex differences (2). However, drug repurposing, a promising alternative to traditional drug discovery by identifying novel uses for FDA-approved drugs, lacks sex-aware methods that can improve the identification of drugs that have sex-specific responses (1,3–5). Sex-aware drug repurposing methods either select drug candidates that are more efficacious in one sex or deprioritize drug candidates based on if they are predicted to cause a sex-bias adverse event (SBAE), unintended therapeutic effects that are more likely to occur in one sex. Computational drug repurposing methods are encouraging approaches to develop for sex-aware drug repurposing because they can prioritize sex-specific drug candidates or SBAEs at lower cost and time than traditional drug discovery. Sex-aware methods currently exist for clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic information (3,6,7). They have not expanded to other data types, such as DNA variation, which has been beneficial in other drug repurposing methods that do not consider sex (8). Additionally, some sex-aware methods suffer from poorer performance because a disproportionate number of male and female samples are available to train computational methods (3). However, there is development potential for several different categories (i.e., data mining, ligand binding predictions, molecular associations, and networks). Low-dimensional representations of molecular association and network approaches are also especially promising candidates for future sex-aware drug repurposing methodologies because they reduce the multiple hypothesis testing burden and capture sex-specific variation better than the other methods (9,10). Here we review how sex influences drug response, the current state of drug repurposing including with respect to sex-bias drug response, and how model organism study design choices influence drug repurposing validation.

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Sex-Related Differences in Drugs with Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Cited by 27 publications

References 95 publications

Self-Medication Practices in Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Self-Medication Practices in Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Effects of Interleukin-17A on the Early Stages of Arterial Thrombosis in Mice

Considerations and Challenges for Sex-Aware Drug Repurposing

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