Editing on the genomic RNA of human hepatitis delta virus

Zheng, HaoQiang; Fu, Tie-Bo; Lazinski, David W.; Taylor, John M.

doi:10.1128/jvi.66.8.4693-4697.1992

Cited by 81 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The P proteins from members of the genera Morbillivirus, Respirovirus, Henipavirus, and Avulavirus are ex-pressed from unedited transcripts, whereas the V and W/D (W protein in Nipah virus and D protein in bovine parainfluenza virus 3) proteins require the insertion of one or two guanosine residues into the editing site, respectively (7,22,24,32,50). Transcriptional editing has also been observed in both the genomic and antigenomic RNA of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) (5,6,60). For paramyxoviruses it has been postulated that RNA editing occurs through a mechanism of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase stuttering during template elongation, similar to the polyadenylation of RNA transcripts, indicating that editing sites may have evolved from polyadenylation sites (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Ebola Virus Nonstructural Glycoprotein Expressed through RNA Editing

Mehedi

Falzarano

Seebach

et al. 2011

J Virol

160

130

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Ebola virus (EBOV), an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus, causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. The EBOV glycoprotein (GP) gene encodes the nonstructural soluble glycoprotein (sGP) but also produces the transmembrane glycoprotein (GP 1,2 ) through transcriptional editing. A third GP gene product, a small soluble glycoprotein (ssGP), has long been postulated to be produced also as a result of transcriptional editing. To identify and characterize the expression of this new EBOV protein, we first analyzed the relative ratio of GP gene-derived transcripts produced during infection in vitro (in Vero E6 cells or Huh7 cells) and in vivo (in mice). The average percentages of transcripts encoding sGP, GP 1,2 , and ssGP were approximately 70, 25, and 5%, respectively, indicating that ssGP transcripts are indeed produced via transcriptional editing. N-terminal sequence similarity with sGP, the absence of distinguishing antibodies, and the abundance of sGP made it difficult to identify ssGP through conventional methodology. Optimized 2-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis analyses finally verified the expression and secretion of ssGP in tissue culture during EBOV infection. Biochemical analysis of recombinant ssGP characterized this protein as a disulfide-linked homodimer that was exclusively N glycosylated. In conclusion, we have identified and characterized a new EBOV nonstructural glycoprotein, which is expressed as a result of transcriptional editing of the GP gene. While ssGP appears to share similar structural properties with sGP, it does not appear to have the same anti-inflammatory function on endothelial cells as sGP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Ebola Virus Nonstructural Glycoprotein Expressed through RNA Editing

Mehedi

Falzarano

Seebach

et al. 2011

J Virol

160

130

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“…97,98 Subsequent work concluded that the genomic strand of HDV is the actual editing substrate, and that for this to occur, sequences from the apposing side of the rod-structure need to be present. 99,100 More recent findings however suggest that in fact, the antigenomic RNA of HDV is the target for HDV-RNA editing, which is therefore a conversion from A to G 101,102 and the enzyme involved is possibly the host double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase. 101 It is now clear that the editing of the RNA, and production of the two HDAgs, are essential steps in the life cycle of HDV, the latter with distinct biological activities as explained later.…”

Section: Hepatitis Delta Antigenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis D virus

Karayiannis

1998

Rev. Med. Virol.

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The hepatitis D virus (HDV) relies on the helper hepatitis B virus (HBV) for the provision of its envelope, which consists of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The RNA genome of HDV is a circular rod‐like structure due to its extensive intramolecular base‐pairing. HDV‐RNA has ribozyme activity which includes autocatalytic cleavage and self‐ligation properties, essential in virus replication via the rolling circle mechanism. Replication of the RNA is thought to be effected by cellular RNA polymerase II. Hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) is the only protein encoded by HDV‐RNA and its long and short forms have a regulatory role in the replication and morphogenesis of the virus. Superinfected HBV carriers who become chronically infected with HDV are at increased risk of developing cirrhosis. Attempts to treat such carriers with interferon have not been particularly successful. In recent years the epidemiology of HDV has changed primarily due to the impact of HBV vaccination in preventing an increase in the pool of susceptible individuals. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The base modification is occuixing in a U-G vi'obble pair in midst of 8 Watson-Crick base pairs. This base paired structure is necessary for efficient editing in vivo (Casey et al 1992) or in vitro (Zheng et al 1992). ff templates related by base pairing with target sites are proposed for plan!…”

Section: Mechanism Of Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otlier mechanisms of RNA editing are the modification of some residues withotjt affecting the reading frame. This is the case of editing in matumals (Powell et al 1987, Sommer et al 1991, hepatitis delta virus (Zheng et al 1992) and plant organelles. In land plants tbus far investigated, except for the bryophyte Marchantia polytnorpha (Oda et al 1992), the RNA editing proeess has been described in mitochondria and chloroplasts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA editing in plants

Araya

Bégu

Litvak

1994

Physiologia Plantarum

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Higher plant mitochondrial RNAs undergo predetermined modifications which involve differences of splicing and trimming of the primary transcripts. These post‐transcriptional modifications are specific C‐to‐U changes occurring mostly in the coding regions of mRNAs without changing the reading frame. Editing of mRNAs can lead to the formation or initiation of stop codons. Plant mitochondrial proteins issued from edited mRNAs are more similar to non‐plant homologous proteins suggesting that this process is involved in the production of functional polypeptides. RNA editing in non‐coding regions are also observed and may represent a new mechanism for modulating gene expression. Three possible biochemical mechanisms can account for RNA editing in plant mitochondria: nucleotide replacement, base exchange and deamination. Although some evidence shows that RNA editing proceeds by a deamination mechanism, several questions remain to be solved: What are the signals recognised by the biochemical machinery for such a specific process? What are the reasons that make an additional process acquired by land plant mitochondria for faithful gene expression?

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Editing on the genomic RNA of human hepatitis delta virus

Abstract: It has been shown previously that during replication of the genome of human hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a specific nucleotide change occurs to eliminate the termination codon for the small delta antigen (G. Luo, M.

Cited by 81 publications

References 17 publications

A New Ebola Virus Nonstructural Glycoprotein Expressed through RNA Editing

A New Ebola Virus Nonstructural Glycoprotein Expressed through RNA Editing

Hepatitis D virus

RNA editing in plants

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