Hepatitis D virus

Karayiannis, Peter

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1654(199801/03)8:1<13::aid-rmv208>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…In a study from Mongolia, the prevalence of positive HBsAg cases among 249 apparently healthy individuals was 10% which 83% of whom were positive for HDV RNA (18). Our results are similar to those of Nakasone study in Myiako Islands from Japan, where they reported HDV prevalence rate to be 10.6% in 196 chronic HBV carriers (19). Chakraborty et al also determined the HDV prevalence as high as 10.6% in 123 patients with HBV-related liver diseases in a hospital based study in India in 2005.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Clinical Impact and Frequency of Hepatitis D Virus Infection in HBsAg Positive Patients in a Southern Province of Iran (Kerman)

Mj¹,

S²,

H³

2009

Iran J Virol

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Background and Aims: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) can infect human population either as a superinfection or concurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It is expected that presence of HDV infection is more prevalent in endemic HBV areas. Overall 5% of Iranian general populations are chronic HBV carriers. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HDV and its clinical impact in a local area of southern Iran (Kerman province). Methods: The study carried out during 2006-2007 on all hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) positive subjects who referred to the main referral hospital (Afzalipour Academic Health Center) and subspecialty GI offices in the city of Kerman. The study included just stable chronic hepatitis B and inactive HBV carriers around the province. High risk group subjects and other concurrent hepatitis viral infections were excluded. Results: One hundred and ninety six patients were enrolled in the study. They consist of 143 (73%) men, 53 (27%) women, with a mean age of 39.2 ± 7.1 (range 20-60) years. Twentyone subjects (10.7%) were positive for anti HDV antibody (Ab). Male to female ratio was 6/1 in this group. All of the HDV positive cases acquired the infection as a super-infection. Elevated aminotransferases (ALT-AST) was documented in 81% of HDV positive cases and in 41% of HDV negative subjects (p=0.001). Conclusion: HDV investigation is recommended in HBV infected patients, particularly those with elevated liver enzymes in a relatively high prevalent area as in Iran.

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“…In the individual host, coinfection may lead to aggravated disease, often resulting from extracellular cooperativity of independently replicating viruses, by which one virus modulates the host response to infection to the benefit of the other [49,50]. In addition, direct interactions of different viruses in co-infected cells may result in complementation of highly pathogenic defective genotypes, in increased virus replication or in modified cell and tissue tropisms [e.g., [51][52][53][54][55][56][57]]. Alternatively, there is also evidence that mixed infections of pathogens result in reduced pathogenicity and less severe disease [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association and Host Selectivity in Multi-Host Pathogens

Malpica¹,

Sacristán

Fraile

et al. 2006

PLoS ONE

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The distribution of multi-host pathogens over their host range conditions their population dynamics and structure. Also, host co-infection by different pathogens may have important consequences for the evolution of hosts and pathogens, and host-pathogen co-evolution. Hence it is of interest to know if the distribution of pathogens over their host range is random, or if there are associations between hosts and pathogens, or between pathogens sharing a host. To analyse these issues we propose indices for the observed patterns of host infection by pathogens, and for the observed patterns of co-infection, and tests to analyse if these patterns conform to randomness or reflect associations. Applying these tests to the prevalence of five plant viruses on 21 wild plant species evidenced host-virus associations: most hosts and viruses were selective for viruses and hosts, respectively. Interestingly, the more host-selective viruses were the more prevalent ones, suggesting that host specialisation is a successful strategy for multi-host pathogens. Analyses also showed that viruses tended to associate positively in co-infected hosts. The developed indices and tests provide the tools to analyse how strong and common are these associations among different groups of pathogens, which will help to understand and model the population biology of multi-host pathogens.

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“…387 Setrobuvir 389 (194) is another HCV non-nucleoside inhibitor that inhibits NS5b RNA polymerase. 387 BI 201335 390 (195) is an oral HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor that was stopped at Phase III clinical trials managed by Boehringer-Ingelheim. Similarly BI 207127 or deleobuvir (196), 390,391 an oral HCV NS5B RNA-dependent polymerase inhibitor, was undergoing Phase II clinical trials.…”

Section: Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Marine Natural Products in the Genesis of Antiviral Agents

2015

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“…5 The rate of hepatitis B-associated hepatoma is decreasing slowly in the United States due to the availability of an effective vaccine. 6 Chronic hepatitis C infection has also been recognized as an important risk factor for the development of HCC. Hepatitis C is a single-stranded flaviviridae RNA virus that is not incorporated into the host genome.…”

Section: Hepatomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Imaging Strategies of Primary and Secondary Neoplasms of the Liver

Fielding

2006

Semin intervent Radiol

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This article details the diagnosis and imaging of primary and secondary neoplasms of the liver. Benign conditions that can mimic malignancy are also discussed, such as focal nodular hyperplasia and adenoma. Considerable attention is given to hepatoma, which is the most common primary hepatic tumor in the United States. The roles of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasound are evaluated, with recommendations for their effective use. Pitfalls in imaging related to posttreatment changes and unusual patterns of metastatic disease are illustrated.KEYWORDS: Cancer, liver, hepatoma, imaging, metastasisObjectives: Upon completion of this article, the reader should (1) know the primary hepatic neoplasms and the major benign conditions that can mimic malignancy, and (2) understand the uses of ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing hepatic tumors. Accreditation: Tufts University School of Medicine (TUSM) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Credit: TUSM designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1 Category 1 credit toward the AMA Physicians Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only those credits that he/she actually spent in the activity. PRIMARY LIVER MALIGNANCIES HepatomaThe most common malignant primary liver tumor in U.S. adults is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or hepatoma, which arises from hepatocytes.1 This represents 70 to 80% of all primary liver tumors. In the western world, up to 75% of the people who develop hepatoma also have cirrhosis. Still, hepatoma is a relatively uncommon tumor in the United States, comprising only 2% of all reported malignancies. In the rest of the world it is more common and is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. In the United States, HCC is more common in men than women and is typically seen in older patients with cirrhosis. 2,3Infection with either hepatitis B or hepatitis C is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis B carriers have a 100-fold higher risk of developing HCC than the general population. In one study in Taiwan, hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) chronic carriers had a risk of HCC 217 times that of a noncarrier. 4 In the same study, 51% of deaths of HBsAg carriers were caused by liver cirrhosis or HCC as compared with 2% of the general population.Hepatitis B is a DNA tumor virus. The oncogenic mechanism is incorporation of viral DNA into the host genome of infected hepatocytes by reverse

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“…The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small, single stranded RNA hepatotropic virus that depends on hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its survival and replication (Polish et al . , 1993;Purcell, 1994; Karayiannis, 1998). The hepatitis B virus (HBV) provides the envelope for the HDV, which consists of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%