Hepatitis D virus

Karayiannis, Peter

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1654(199801/03)8:1<13::aid-rmv208>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…In a study from Mongolia, the prevalence of positive HBsAg cases among 249 apparently healthy individuals was 10% which 83% of whom were positive for HDV RNA (18). Our results are similar to those of Nakasone study in Myiako Islands from Japan, where they reported HDV prevalence rate to be 10.6% in 196 chronic HBV carriers (19). Chakraborty et al also determined the HDV prevalence as high as 10.6% in 123 patients with HBV-related liver diseases in a hospital based study in India in 2005.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Clinical Impact and Frequency of Hepatitis D Virus Infection in HBsAg Positive Patients in a Southern Province of Iran (Kerman)

Mj¹,

Darvish-Moghaddam²,

H³

2009

Iran J Virol

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Background and Aims: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) can infect human population either as a superinfection or concurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It is expected that presence of HDV infection is more prevalent in endemic HBV areas. Overall 5% of Iranian general populations are chronic HBV carriers. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HDV and its clinical impact in a local area of southern Iran (Kerman province). Methods: The study carried out during 2006-2007 on all hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) positive subjects who referred to the main referral hospital (Afzalipour Academic Health Center) and subspecialty GI offices in the city of Kerman. The study included just stable chronic hepatitis B and inactive HBV carriers around the province. High risk group subjects and other concurrent hepatitis viral infections were excluded. Results: One hundred and ninety six patients were enrolled in the study. They consist of 143 (73%) men, 53 (27%) women, with a mean age of 39.2 ± 7.1 (range 20-60) years. Twentyone subjects (10.7%) were positive for anti HDV antibody (Ab). Male to female ratio was 6/1 in this group. All of the HDV positive cases acquired the infection as a super-infection. Elevated aminotransferases (ALT-AST) was documented in 81% of HDV positive cases and in 41% of HDV negative subjects (p=0.001). Conclusion: HDV investigation is recommended in HBV infected patients, particularly those with elevated liver enzymes in a relatively high prevalent area as in Iran.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Clinical Impact and Frequency of Hepatitis D Virus Infection in HBsAg Positive Patients in a Southern Province of Iran (Kerman)

Mj¹,

Darvish-Moghaddam²,

H³

2009

Iran J Virol

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“…In the individual host, coinfection may lead to aggravated disease, often resulting from extracellular cooperativity of independently replicating viruses, by which one virus modulates the host response to infection to the benefit of the other [49,50]. In addition, direct interactions of different viruses in co-infected cells may result in complementation of highly pathogenic defective genotypes, in increased virus replication or in modified cell and tissue tropisms [e.g., [51][52][53][54][55][56][57]]. Alternatively, there is also evidence that mixed infections of pathogens result in reduced pathogenicity and less severe disease [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association and Host Selectivity in Multi-Host Pathogens

et al. 2006

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The distribution of multi-host pathogens over their host range conditions their population dynamics and structure. Also, host co-infection by different pathogens may have important consequences for the evolution of hosts and pathogens, and host-pathogen co-evolution. Hence it is of interest to know if the distribution of pathogens over their host range is random, or if there are associations between hosts and pathogens, or between pathogens sharing a host. To analyse these issues we propose indices for the observed patterns of host infection by pathogens, and for the observed patterns of co-infection, and tests to analyse if these patterns conform to randomness or reflect associations. Applying these tests to the prevalence of five plant viruses on 21 wild plant species evidenced host-virus associations: most hosts and viruses were selective for viruses and hosts, respectively. Interestingly, the more host-selective viruses were the more prevalent ones, suggesting that host specialisation is a successful strategy for multi-host pathogens. Analyses also showed that viruses tended to associate positively in co-infected hosts. The developed indices and tests provide the tools to analyse how strong and common are these associations among different groups of pathogens, which will help to understand and model the population biology of multi-host pathogens.

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“…387 Setrobuvir 389 (194) is another HCV non-nucleoside inhibitor that inhibits NS5b RNA polymerase. 387 BI 201335 390 (195) is an oral HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor that was stopped at Phase III clinical trials managed by Boehringer-Ingelheim. Similarly BI 207127 or deleobuvir (196), 390,391 an oral HCV NS5B RNA-dependent polymerase inhibitor, was undergoing Phase II clinical trials.…”

Section: Hcvmentioning

confidence: 99%