Edible films and coatings based on mango (var. Ataulfo) by-products to improve gas transfer rate of peach

Abstract

Fruit waste and by-products are economical materials for the development of biodegradable and active packaging. The aims of this study were to develop, characterize and evaluate biodegradable coatings and films by using mango peel and antioxidant extracts of seed kernel. The proximate composition of peel was also determined. Structural, barrier, optical and antioxidant properties were analyzed in the films. Gas transfer rates and the ethylene production in peach were evaluated. Edible films formulated with mango peel showed good barrier properties, with the water vapor permeability varying from 0.88 × 10 −10-1.00 × 10 −10 g m −1 s −1 Pa −1. The addition of antioxidant extract does not show a significant effect (p > 0.05) on optical properties. Furthermore, antioxidant activity and polyphenol content increased by 18% and 60% respectively. Peach coated with a solution of mango peel (1.09%), antioxidant extract of mango seed kernel (0.078 g L −1) and glycerol (0.33%) showed 64% and 29% less ethylene and CO 2 production, respectively, and 39% less O 2 consumption when compared with peaches without coating. The reduction in gas transfer ensures the greater extension of the shelf life of fruit treated. By-products of mango may thus be suitable for the production of low-cost biodegradable and active packaging.

Candelilla Wax Edible Coating with Flourensia cernua Bioactives to Prolong the Quality of Tomato Fruits

“…The film was produced from a casting technique according to Torres-León. [10]. Then, 30 mL of the final solution was poured into 9 cm diameter polystyrene plates.…”

“…The WVP was determined gravimetrically according to the method ASTM E96-92 [11] with modifications of Torres-León et al [10]. The sample cups with the films (100% RH) were weighed every hour for 6 h. Steady-state and uniform water pressure conditions were assumed by keeping the air circulation constant.…”

Edible Films Based on Black Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Mucilage Containing Rhus microphylla Fruit Phenolic Extract

“…Filmogenic solutions' surface tension was determined by the Ring method as described by Torres-León et al [10], using a Krüss K6 tensiometer (Krüss GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) with a De Noüby platinum ring of 1.9 cm. Five replicates measurements were obtained at room temperature, for each formulation.…”

“…This may be due to phenolic compounds' hydroxyl groups detected in the HAE that allowed a better interaction between the filmogenic solutions' components, as an improved polar groups arrangement in the surface layer is achieved in comparison with their non-functionalized counterparts [30]. Torres-León et al [10] reported similar behavior, when antioxidant mango seed extract reduced the surface tension of mango by-products coating forming solution from 57.8 to 52.2 mN m −1 , improving its adhesion to the peach fruit. The Zp is an important parameter to determine the surface charge of a filmogenic solution, in order to evaluate its stability and predict its mode of interaction with the surface to be coated [8].…”

“…Edible film packaging has proven effective as bioactive compounds carriers (e.g., antioxidants, antimicrobials, nutraceuticals, and nutrients), acting as an active agent protector and prolonging its action [8,9]. Moreover, films are able to create a shielding semi-permeable barrier to gases and water vapor, thus increasing the shelf life of coated produce [10]. The bio-based films are produced using a wide range of biopolymers, highlighting those based on polysaccharides due to their biodegradable ability, good mechanical and barrier properties, and their appropriate adhesion to the produce's surface [11,12].…”