Edge phonons in black phosphorus

Ribeiro, Henrique B.; Villegas, Cesar Enrique Perez; Bahamon, D. A.; Muraca, Diego; Neto, A. H. Castro; Souza, E. A. Thoroh de; Rocha, Alexandre Reily; Pimenta, M. A.; Matos, Christiano J. S. de

doi:10.1038/ncomms12191

Cited by 79 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Anisotropic thermal conductivity due to phonon dispersion was first reported by Luo et al Phonon modes can be tuned by application of strain . Strong polarization and nonlinear temperature dependence as well as the existence of anisotropic edge phonon modes of BP have all been explored . Due to anisotropy, polaritons propagating in BP can manipulated.…”

Section: Stable Anisotropic Electronic and Quasiparticle Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Stability and Passivation of Black Phosphorus

et al. 2018

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From a fundamental science perspective, black phosphorus (BP) is a canonical example of a material that possesses fascinating surface and electronic properties. It has extraordinary in-plane anisotropic electrical, optical, and vibrational states, as well as a tunable band gap. However, instability of the surface due to chemical degradation in ambient conditions remains a major impediment to its prospective applications. Early studies were limited by the degradation of black phosphorous surfaces in air. Recently, several robust strategies have been developed to mitigate these issues, and these novel developments can potentially allow researchers to exploit the extraordinary properties of this material and devices made out of it. Here, the fundamental chemistry of BP degradation and the tremendous progress made to address this issue are extensively reviewed. Device performances of encapsulated BP are also compared with nonencapsulated BP. In addition, BP possesses sensitive anisotropic photophysical surface properties such as excitons, surface plasmons/phonons, and topologically protected and Dirac semi-metallic surface states. Ambient degradation as well as any passivation method used to protect the surface could affect the intrinsic surface properties of BP. These properties and the extent of their modifications by both the degradation and passivation are reviewed.

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Section: Stable Anisotropic Electronic and Quasiparticle Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Stability and Passivation of Black Phosphorus

et al. 2018

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“…The anisotropic properties of BP have recently been reviewed, and detailed discussions on the subject can be found elsewhere. [132,133,[142][143][144] Raman scattering conveys valuable information about BP as aresult of the three distinct peaks at 365, 442, and 470 cm À1 , which correspond to the A 1 g (out-of-plane), B 2g and A 2 g (outof-plane) vibration modes,r espectively,o ft he Pa toms in BP, [34] and the Raman characteristics have been widely studied as af unction of the crystal orientation, [145,146] strain, [147,148] thickness, [56,149,150] temperature, [151][152][153] and angle. [154,155] Thep osition of the Raman peaks and width-athalf-maximum of the mode are sensitive to the number of layers in the BP ( Figure 2B).…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers

2017

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Phosphorus is a nonmetal with several allotropes, from the highly reactive white phosphorus to the thermodynamically stable black phosphorus (BP) with a puckered orthorhombic layered structure. The bulk form of BP was first synthesized in 1914, but received little attention until it was rediscovered in 2014 as a member of the new wave of 2D layered nanomaterials. BP can be exfoliated to a single sheet that acts as a semiconductor with a tunable direct band gap, a high carrier mobility at room temperature, and an in-plane anisotropy. The development of BP applications is hampered by surface degradation, thus efforts to achieve effective BP passivation are ongoing, such as its integration in van der Waals heterostructures. BP has been tested as a novel nanomaterial in batteries, transistors, sensors, and photonics. This Review begins with the origin of the BP story, following the path from a bulk material to modern few/single layers. The physical and chemical properties are summarized, and the state-of-the-art of BP applications highlighted.

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“…For development of optoelectronic devices, the armchair and zigzag edges of black phosphorus flakes were characterized by Raman spectroscopic imaging and the A g , B 1g , B 2g , B 3g symmetry modes were observed, indicating the presence of edge phonon modes in BP ( Figure ) . The performances of edge phonons in black phosphorus were analyzed and explained based on density functional theory, confirming the new mode arising in the hyperspectral Raman imaging.…”

Section: Microscale Spectral Mapping and Optical‐property Studiesmentioning

confidence: 73%

Microscale Spectroscopic Mapping of 2D Optical Materials

Dong

Yetisen

Köhler

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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be used for flexible touch screens and displays, printable electronics, and thinfilm photovoltaics, [4] while FETs made of graphene can be used for highly sensitive biosensors. [5] Another 2D material MoS 2 , a direct-bandgap semiconductor, has applications in ultrasensitive photodetectors, transistors, and gas-sensing devices. [6][7][8][9] Other 2D materials have also shown potential in photovoltaic devices, memory, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). [10,11] Broad application potential of 2D materials in optoelectronic devices, photonic devices, and optical sensors is mainly based on their unique optical performances. [12] 2D materials can be fabricated based on their layered structure. In the molecular structures of these materials, the atoms are bonded hard in the same plane, but the bond effect between two lateral layers is weak due to van der Waals forces. [13] 2D materials can be roughly categorized as semimetal like graphene, semiconductor like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and insulator like hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) from the aspect of bandgap differences. [14] Due to the experimentally practical manipulation of monolayer and multilayer 2D materials, remarkable optical performances can be realized for a wide range of optical applications. For example, the number of layers of 2D materials can strongly influence the photoluminescence performance. [15] The unconventional optical performances including adsorption and emission, light sensitivity, as well as plasmonic effects of 2D materials are closely related to their inner physical properties such as carrier mobility, density of states, and band structure based on the interaction of atoms, structural symmetry, and stacking patterns. [16,17] Through the control of layer number which could influence the bandgap value, 2D materials could react to different spectrum ranging from ultraviolet to infrared light. [18] Doping strategies are also effective to modify intrinsic 2D semiconductors and improve the response with respect to an extended range of spectrum. [19,20] The assessment of the optical properties of 2D materials is indispensable for device and sensor development. [21] Based on detailed surface mapping and spectral information, the suitability of 2D materials for optical devices or sensor applications can be thoroughly studied. [22,23] Microscopy, direct 2D mapping of materials, can provide basic spatial information, [24] while spectroscopy can offer one more dimensional spectral information which is 2D materials have unique optical properties due to their ultrathin layered structures, and are emerging as promising materials for optoelectronic devices. To characterize and evaluate these properties, diffraction-limited spectroscopic mapping, also known as microscale spectroscopic imaging, has been developed to provide abundant spatial and spectral information. The usefulness of microscale spectroscopic mapping for unique property study of 2D optical materials is addressed. Advances in both mature and growing microscale spectroscopic mapping...

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Edge phonons in black phosphorus

Cited by 79 publications

References 39 publications

Recent Progress on Stability and Passivation of Black Phosphorus

Recent Progress on Stability and Passivation of Black Phosphorus

Black Phosphorus Rediscovered: From Bulk Material to Monolayers

Microscale Spectroscopic Mapping of 2D Optical Materials

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