Eddy current techniques for super duplex stainless steel characterization

Camerini, Cláudio; Sacramento, R. L.; Areiza, M.C.L.; Rocha, Adriana da Cunha; Santos, Rogério; Rebello, J. M. A.; Pereira, Gabriela Ribeiro

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.04.034

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The ferrite phase is ferromagnetic, while austenite and chromium nitride are paramagnetic, and sigma is a nonmagnetic phase. 39,[44][45] This difference motivated the use of magnetic methods to detect deleterious phases in DSS. Figure 6 presents the impedance plane typical of EC results, while Figure 7 shows the EC results as phase angle versus the ferrite content in the DSS samples.…”

Section: Magnetic Methods Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 Other than the electrochemical techniques used for the detection of sigma phase, magnetic tools to quantify the presence of this phase have been used recently. [39][40][41] Sigma phase in duplex steel was not detected by magnetic force microscopy. 40 However, very small quantities of sigma phase in duplex steel were detected by eddy current (EC) using the phase shift of magnetic impedance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The authors tested samples using EC with and without an external magnetic field, and showed that the former plays a key role in the enhancement of the EC characterization of DSS. 39,41 In previous papers, results exploring the effect of the microstructure of DSS in the kinetic parameters obtained by DL-EPR have been presented. [34][35][36] In the present work, the objective was to provide a critical view of the detection of deleterious phases in duplex steel and to compare the DL-EPR technique with the use of EC method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Magnetic and Electrochemical Techniques as Tools to Detect Deleterious Phases in Duplex Stainless Steels

Leal¹,

Assis²,

Mattos³

et al. 2015

Corrosion

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The development of techniques to detect deleterious phases in duplex and super duplex stainless steel has a great technicalscientific appeal. However, establishing a quality control of these steels using a unique technique of inspection requires an attentive analysis about its limits and sensibility of detections. Thus, the current work compares magnetic techniques based on eddy current methods and electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation with double loop to detect deleterious phases in duplex stainless steel. The limitations and advantages of each technique are discussed mainly concerning the viability to detect sigma phase and chromium nitride. KEY WORDS: cyclic voltammetry, duplex stainless steel, sigma phase ISSN 0010-9312 (print), 1938-159X (online) 15/000141/$5.00+$0.50/0 © 2015, NACE International

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Section: Magnetic Methods Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Magnetic and Electrochemical Techniques as Tools to Detect Deleterious Phases in Duplex Stainless Steels

Leal¹,

Assis²,

Mattos³

et al. 2015

Corrosion

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“…In recent years, several thermographic approaches have been proposed to study the fatigue behaviour and quickly estimate the fatigue limit of material . The most widely used method is based on the monitoring of the superficial temperature of the specimen during fatigue tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, several thermographic approaches have been proposed to study the fatigue behaviour and quickly estimate the fatigue limit of material. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The most widely used method is based on the monitoring of the superficial temperature of the specimen during fatigue tests. It has been observed 15,16 that the temperature growth presented a typical trend 13,17 : initial increases and a stabilization phase (plateau) before increasing abruptly due to failure of the specimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the temperature plateau of a self‐heating test a robust parameter to investigate the fatigue limit of steels with thermography?

Finis

Palumbo

Silva

et al. 2017

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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A critical aspect of standard test methods for fatigue characterization is that they do not provide any information on heat dissipation in the material and involve very expensive experimental campaigns in time and costs. In recent years, thermographic methods capable of reducing testing time have been developed, also providing more information on damage occurring in the material. A commonly used approach is based on the assessment of the temperature plateau during a stepwise loading procedure. At times, however, this approach can fail if temperature stabilization is not achieved. In this regard, in this paper, a new approach based on the assessment of 3 different thermal indexes was proposed to estimate the fatigue limit of 3 stainless steels: AISI 316, 17‐4PH, and ASTMA890 grade 4a, respectively, exhibiting fully austenitic, fully martensitic, and duplex biphasic microstructure. The fatigue tests were carried out by using a stepwise loading procedure, under loading ratio of 0.5. The analysis demonstrated the possibility to further reduce testing time and, consequently, the fatigue experimental campaign. Moreover, some ideas are discussed about how to justify the different thermal behaviour of a biphasic stainless steel, in total temperature variation. Moreover, a discussion of results regarding the various thermal behaviours of the investigated steels and a possible correlation with the microstructure has been proposed.

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Induced Magnetic Field Used to Detect the Sigma Phase of a 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

Silva

Leite

et al. 2016

J Nondestruct Eval

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Sigma phases are formed due to heat treatments and/or welding processes during the solidification stage, and they are responsible for embrittlement of duplex stainless steels. Only a small amount of this phase promotes unfavorable mechanical properties and liability to corrosion. In this work, a new affordable approach to detect and follow-up the kinetics of the sigma phase transformation is evaluated. The measurements are based on an induced magnetic field generated through the interaction between an external magnetic field and the microstructure under study. To validate this approach, the induced magnetic field values are compared with the values of the Charpy impact energy, and the sigma phase is assessed by optical microscopy. Moreover, surface fractures are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results from the 2205 duplex stainless steel used show that there is a direct relation among the impact energy, fracture mechanism and induced magnetic field. The method proved to be able to follow up the embrittlement of the DSS successfully. Moreover, the results confirm that the presence of a sigma phase can be studied based on 4 an induced magnetic field, even when in low amounts, and that a critical threshold value can be defined to monitor structures in service.

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Eddy current techniques for super duplex stainless steel characterization

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Magnetic and Electrochemical Techniques as Tools to Detect Deleterious Phases in Duplex Stainless Steels

Magnetic and Electrochemical Techniques as Tools to Detect Deleterious Phases in Duplex Stainless Steels

Is the temperature plateau of a self‐heating test a robust parameter to investigate the fatigue limit of steels with thermography?

Induced Magnetic Field Used to Detect the Sigma Phase of a 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

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