Edaravone Protects against Vascular Oxidative Damage Induced by AAPH in Chick Embryo

Abstract

Background: Edaravone (Eda) is a free-radical scavenger which is used in treating stroke, cerebral hemorrhage and some other diseases in clinic. However, it's antioxygenation during development is still unknown.Method: An oxidative damage model was established in chick embryo by using a generator of free radicals, 2,2'-azobis[2-methylpropionamidine] dihydrochloride (AAPH). The mortality rate and embryo's weight were measured to detect whether retarded growth happened. In order to observe the blood vessels, the yolk-sac blood vessels and CAM blood vessels density were observed. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity were detected to evaluate the oxidative damage in the chick embryo.Result: In this model, embryo development and angiogenesis were heavily affected by AAPH. However, Eda alleviated the growth retardation and anti-angiogenesis induced by AAPH. After AAPH treatment, the MDA content increased and SOD enzymatic activity declined which was also mitigated by Eda. Conclusion:Overall, our research revealed that Eda mitigated embryonic anti-angiogenesis induced by oxidative damage after AAPH treatment, which may be helpful for future clinical studies.stress [7]. During the pregnancy period, pregnant women suffer from emotional fluctuation, environmental pollution, life pressure, improper diet and so on. Women are exposed to oxidative stress and the fetuses are easily affected.In this research, the chick embryo was chosen as the experimental animal, as chick embryo is suitable for evaluating angiogenesis. The chick embryo holds a wide range of advantages, with low cost and less ethical arguments [8]. It is a classical development model where the chick yolk sac and chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) are extensively used in research related to angiogenesis. Besides, the growth cycle of chick embryo is short, where 21 days for chick embryo is similar to 10 months for human [9]. Moreover, it is a simple spinal biological, whose growth process can be easily observed [10].In order to mimic chronic oxidative stress exposed to human, 2,2'-azobis[2-methylpropionamidine] dihydrochloride (AAPH) was repeatedly treated in a small dose. AAPH is an azo compound and completely dissolved in alkyl, peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals at physiological temperature [11]. AAPH has been widely used to study the mechanism of oxidative stress [12,13]. In our previous experiments, the chick embryo on embryo development day (EDD) 9 was treated with a large dose of AAPH. After incubation for 24 hours, the chick embryo suffered from oxidative stress and the cardiovascular system was affected [7]. Nevertheless, whether chronic oxidative stress affects the development of embryos is still unclear. In our study, AAPH was injected to chick embryos in long-term and the development of chick embryo was observed. AbbreviationsEda: Edaravone; 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one; AAPH: 2,2'-azobis [2-methylpropionamidine] IntroductionEdaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, Eda), a free-radical sc...

Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens

“…In the present study, decreased cell viability under LPS and AAPH challenge in cPBMCs was remarkably ameliorated by HFAC, with 50 mg/mL had the most effective improvement in average. LPS administration has been applied to set as an optimal model for study inflammation in cells [5]; while AAPH is an azo compound widely used to study the antioxidant effect of certain material since it tends to stimulate oxidative damage in cells [17]. In other words, these suggested that the FAC has potentiality to equip cells with proper defense and tolerance ability toward adverse condition.…”