Effects of dietary Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product supplementation on antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens

Abstract

Objective: This study was investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Antrodia cinnamomea fermented product on modulation of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and lipid metabolism in broilers.Methods: Functional compounds and in vitro antioxidant capacity were detected in wheat bran (WB) solid-state fermented by Antrodia cinnamomea for 16 days (FAC). In animal experiment, 400 d-old broiler chickens were allotted into 5 groups fed control diet, and control diet replaced with 5% WB, 10% WB, 5% FAC, and 10% FAC respectively. Growth performance, intestinal microflora, serum antioxidant enzymes and fatty acid profiles in pectoral superficial muscle were measured.Results: Pretreatment with hot water extracted fermented product significantly reduced chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells death induced by lipopolysaccharide and 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Birds received 5% and 10% FAC had higher weight gain than WB groups. Cecal coliform and lactic acid bacteria were diminished and increased respectively while diet replaced with FAC. For FAC supplemented groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased at 35 days only, with catalase elevated at 21 and 35 day. Regarding serum lipid parameters, 10% FAC replacement significantly reduced triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein level in chickens. For fatty acid composition in pectoral superficial muscle of 35-d-old chickens, 5% and 10% FAC inclusion had birds with significantly lower saturated fatty acids as compared with 10% WB group. Birds on the 5% FAC diet had a higher degree of unsaturation, followed by 10% FAC, control, 5% WB, and 10% WB.Conclusion: In conclusion, desirable intestinal microflora in chickens obtaining FAC may be attributed to the functional metabolites detected in final fermented product. Moreover, antioxidant effects observed in FAC were plausibly exerted in terms of improved antioxidant enzymes activities, increased unsaturated degree of fatty acids in chicken muscle and better weight gain in FAC inclusion groups, indicating that FAC possesses promising favorable mechanisms worthy to be developed.

The Laetiporus sulphureus Fermented Product Enhances the Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Tight Junction, and Morphology of Broiler Chickens

“…Agricultural by-products, such as Wheat Bran (WB), contain Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSPs) that act as anti-nutritional compounds in monogastric animals, which tend to inhibit digestibility and promote pathogen proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract, and eventually lead to gut inflammation and worsen the performance of the animals [ 8 , 9 ]. Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) could represent a valuable method to use agricultural by-products as substrates for NSP-degrading microorganisms, converting them into alternative feed ingredients [ 10 , 11 ]. In addition, filamentous fungi were reported as being a suitable inoculant for SSF due to their ability to withstand low humidity environments [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Laetiporus sulphureus–fermented wheat bran enhanced the broiler growth performance by improving the intestinal microflora and inflammation status

“…The solid-state fermentation ( SSF ) process uses low-cost agricultural and agroprocessing waste as substrates by applying NSP-degrading microorganisms to improve the utility of those by-products. Compared with the submerged fermentation, SSF is more efficient and cost effective in producing bioactive compounds ( Hölker et al., 2004 , Lee et al., 2020a ). Filamentous fungi were reported to be the most suitable for SSF owing to their ability to endure low-moisture fermentation environments ( Hernández et al., 2008 , Lee et al., 2020a ).…”

“…Compared with the submerged fermentation, SSF is more efficient and cost effective in producing bioactive compounds ( Hölker et al., 2004 , Lee et al., 2020a ). Filamentous fungi were reported to be the most suitable for SSF owing to their ability to endure low-moisture fermentation environments ( Hernández et al., 2008 , Lee et al., 2020a ). Our previous studies had reported the application of SSF using filamentous fungi on agricultural byproducts which further exerted positive effects on monogastric animals.…”

“…Our previous studies had reported the application of SSF using filamentous fungi on agricultural byproducts which further exerted positive effects on monogastric animals. Lee et al., 2020a , Lee et al., 2020b used Antrodia cinnamomea on the SSF of WB and produced bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and triterpenoids, which exerted growth promoting, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation effects in broilers, which suggest the potential of SSF on the utilization of agroprocessing byproducts to produce bioactive compounds and functional feedstuffs.…”

“…In regular raising conditions, animals have a strong chance of encountering environmental viruses, bacteria, and fungi, which could cause oxidative damage and trigger lipid peroxidation, tissue damage, and inflammatory response ( Cuzzocrea et al., 2001 , Lee et al., 2017 ). To repair the damaged tissue and fight against infection, the inflammation process recruits immune cells to local sites by secreting inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; however, the prolonged inflammation may induce unnecessary energy consumption and retard the growth performance of animals ( Lee et al., 2020a , Lee et al., 2017 ). Hence, diminishing the excessive inflammation, while maintaining the normal immune status in farm animals, will improve the quality and benefits in animal production.…”