Ectoparasites

Thomas, Caroline Bedell; Coates, Sarah J.; Engelman, Daniel; Chosidow, Olivier; Chang, Aileen Y.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.05.109

Cited by 138 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Alternatively, viewing either mites, eggs or feces on the individual using a high-powered imaging device (such as optical coherence tomography, reflectance confocal microscopy and videodermoscopy) or on light microscopy of skin samples can establish the diagnosis. A confirmed diagnosis of scabies was able to be established for the reported woman when mites were detected after performing skin scrapings from multiple locations [6,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The skin lesions (most commonly burrows) are often located on web spaces of fingers and toes, hands and wrist, and feet and lower legs. In addition, mite-related lesions may be found in the axillae and buttock, the breast and areola of women, and the penis and scrotum of men [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And, similar to the use of imaging devices, a dermatoscope evaluation for scabies is also a user-dependent technique. Indeed, even a dermatologist who has been trained in the routine use of a dermatoscope for inspecting pigmented lesions may have less experience identifying the scabies-associated 'jetliner with its trail' sign (which has also been referred to as the 'delta glider', 'delta-wing jet', 'jet with contrail' and 'spermatozoid' sign) of the mite head and training burrow [8,14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, treatment of the home environment (including fomites such as clothing, bed sheets and covers) is usually not necessary, except in institutional settings, for patients with classic scabies in whom only five to fifteen mites are estimated to be present on their body. However, for the highly infectious patients with crusted scabies -in whom hundreds to thousands of mites are present within the hyperkeratotic scale that is inadvertently being shed -environmental measures to prevent fomite transmission are recommended [4,8,14,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to facilitate scabies research, the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) proposed criteria for the diagnosis of scabies in 2018; specifically, they introduced criteria for the confirmed diagnosis of scabies, the clinical diagnosis of scabies and the suspected diagnosis of scabies. The diagnostic criteria have been acknowledged and are likely to be incorporated by heath care providers during their evaluation of patients in whom the possibility of scabies is being considered [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classic and Non-classic (Surrepticius) Scabies: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations

Cohen¹

2020

Cureus

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The morphology of scabies, a mite infestation of worldwide proportion, is characterized by a variety of cutaneous lesions. Patients with classic scabies present with characteristic burrows often located on the web spaces of the fingers and toes. Scabies surrepticius refers to the nonclassic atypical presentation of scabies; establishing the diagnosis of scabies in these individuals can be difficult. To facilitate the diagnosis of scabies, criteria have been proposed by the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS). These criteria are intended for scabies research; however, they can be utilized by clinicians to establish either a confirmed diagnosis, a clinical diagnosis or a suspected diagnosis of scabies. Visualization of mites, eggs or feces is necessary for a confirmed diagnosis of scabies. A clinical diagnosis can be established by observation of either genital lesions in men or burrows or classically distributed classical lesions in individuals with two historic features: pruritus and close contact with an individual who itches and has classically distributed classical scabetic lesions. The clinical features and management of a woman residing in an assisted living environment with a confirmed diagnosis of scabies and a man with a clinical diagnosis of scabies are described. The criteria for the suspected diagnosis of scabies require either one historic feature and typical lesions in a typical distribution or both historic features and the presence of atypical lesions or an atypical distribution of the skin lesions. Once the diagnosis of scabies is established, not only the patient but also close contacts should receive treatment with either a topical medication (such as permethrin 5% cream) or a systemic drug (ivermectin) or both. The number and frequency of treatments are variable; classic scabies typically is managed with a total of two treatments performed weekly to biweekly. Patients with crusted scabies usually require multiple topical and oral antiscabetic treatments in addition to topical keratolytic therapy. Bacterial impetiginization or infection (most commonly by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes) can complicate scabies infestation and potentially result in cellulitis, abscess, sepsis, rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis; therefore, in some patients, systemic antimicrobial therapy may be necessary in addition to scabiesdirected treatment. In addition to systemic antihistamines, oral and/or topical corticosteroids may be used to provide symptomatic pruritus relief once the diagnosis of scabies has been established and mite-directed treatment has been initiated. The clinician should consider several potential causes (such as inadequate treatment, reinfection, mite resistance, delusions of parasitosis and the development of a new non-scabetic dermatosis) in scabies patients who fail to respond to treatment with a topical or oral scabicide therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classic and Non-classic (Surrepticius) Scabies: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations

Cohen¹

2020

Cureus

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Arthropods

Bernigaud,

Monsel,

Delaunay

et al. 2024

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology

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This chapter provides an introductory overview of arthropods that are medically important to humans. The authors describe the anatomy and physiology of various arthropods, including insects, spiders and mites, and discuss their role in transmitting diseases to humans. They also provide guidance on identifying and managing arthropod bites, stings and infestations. The chapter includes information on the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of common arthropod‐related conditions, such as lice, scabies and bed bug infestations. The authors emphasise the importance of a thorough patient history and physical examination in the diagnosis of arthropod‐related conditions, and provide practical advice on prevention and treatment. Overall, this chapter serves as a useful resource for medical doctors and dermatologists who encounter patients with arthropod‐related conditions in their practice.

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An unusual adverse effect during crusted scabies treatment

Saldarriaga,

Santacoloma,

Mejía

2024

Clinical Case Reports

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Key Clinical MessageCrusted scabies is a severe form of scabies infestation caused by the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. Risk factors include immunosuppression, neuropathies, and psychiatric disorders. Its management poses important challenges due to its contagius nature. Here we present a case or Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis secondary to Ivermectin therapy in a patient with crusted scabies.

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Ectoparasites

Cited by 138 publications

References 136 publications

Classic and Non-classic (Surrepticius) Scabies: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations

Classic and Non-classic (Surrepticius) Scabies: Diagnostic and Treatment Considerations

Arthropods

An unusual adverse effect during crusted scabies treatment

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