Ecotoxicological risk assessment and seasonal variation of some pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the sewage treatment plant and surface water bodies (lakes)

Abstract

This paper reports the seasonal variation and environmental quality control data for five fingerprint pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) (acetaminophen ciprofloxacin, caffeine, irgasan and benzophenone) in the influent and the effluent of the sewage treatment plant (STP) and surface water bodies (six major lakes) in and around Nagpur, one of the "A class city" in the central India over a period of 1 year. The target compounds were analysed using developed offline solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC-PDA) method. All the five PPCPs were found in the influent, whereas four were found in the effluent of the STP. However, in the surface water bodies, three PPCPs were detected in all the seasons. Above PPCPs were present in the concentration range of 1-174 μg L in the surface water bodies, 12-373 μg L in the influent and 11-233 μg L in the effluent of the STP. Amongst the five PPCPs, caffeine was found to be in higher concentration as compared to others. The seasonal trends indicate higher concentrations of PPCPs in summer season and lowest in the rainy season. Additionally, physico-chemical characterisations (inorganic and organic parameters) of the collected samples were performed to access the anthropogenic pollution. Ecotoxicological risk assessment was done to appraise the degree of toxicity of the targeted compounds. Hazard quotient (HQ) values were found to be < 1 indicating no adverse effect on the targeted organism.

Impact of Metformin and Increased Temperature on Blue Mussels Mytilus edulis - Evidence for Synergism

“…Interestingly, a seasonal variation in the occurrence and concentration of pharmaceuticals in water bodies has been often recorded (Archana et al 2017), raising the question of cumulative effects of elevated temperature of the surface waters and the putative high levels of pharmaceuticals, during the hot season/summer months. Yang et al (2017) showed that the overall pharmaceutical levels both in surface water and riverside groundwater are detected at higher concentrations during the dry season.…”

Distribution, Removal, and Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Their Metabolites in Five Sewage Plants

“…Three trophic levels (fish, daphnid, and algae) were selected in the aquatic ecosystem to calculate the RQ value (Figure 4). There is a potential high risk when the calculated RQ > 1, a medium risk when 1 > RQ > 0.1, and a low or negligible risk when 0.1 > RQ > 0.01 [36,44,45,46]. By analyzing the calculated results, only the RQ of CA detected in Plants A and D and IPF detected in Plant D were between 0.1 and 0.01, indicating a low and almost negligible hazard.…”

Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Different Matrices: Occurrence, Pathways, and Treatment Processes

“…In the study conducted byTran et al (2014), up to 3594 µg/L of caffeine was detected in a raw wastewater sample in Singapore[55]. A considerably high concentration of caffeine (499 µg/L) in a raw wastewater sample from India was also reported byArchana et al (2017) [87]. Both studies cited lifestyle or patterns of consumption as the primary cause of the high detection of caffeine in wastewater.…”